Solution to the X-ray Phase Problem Using Multiple Diffraction—a Review

Chang, Shih‐Lin

doi:10.1080/08893118708075481

Cited by 38 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In 2005, Lee et al described a two-beam approach that could be used to understand the GISAXS of 3D nanostructures that included nanostructured films , and thin layers of particles. , This innovative approach employed the concept of multiple beam diffraction theory . In this respect, GISAXS could be represented as the superposition of two sets of scatterings, one for the original incident beam (the “transmitted beam” generating a reciprocal space q t ), and one for the beam reflected from the substrate (the “reflected beam” generating a reciprocal space q r ) .…”

Section: Gisaxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…168,260 This innovative approach employed the concept of multiple beam diffraction theory. 261 In this respect, GISAXS could be represented as the superposition of two sets of scatterings, one for the original incident beam (the "transmitted beam" generating a reciprocal space q t ), and one for the beam reflected from the substrate (the "reflected beam" generating a reciprocal space q r ). 149 This concept allowed researchers to index diffraction peaks in GISAXS using the equivalent of two incident beams.…”

Section: Indexing With Two-beam Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research

2016

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X-ray scattering is a structural characterization tool that has impacted diverse fields of study. It is unique in its ability to examine materials in real time and under realistic sample environments, enabling researchers to understand morphology at nanometer and angstrom length scales using complementary small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), respectively. Herein, we focus on the use of SAXS to examine nanoscale particulate systems. We provide a theoretical foundation for X-ray scattering, considering both form factor and structure factor, as well as the use of correlation functions, which may be used to determine a particle's size, size distribution, shape, and organization into hierarchical structures. The theory is expanded upon with contemporary use cases. Both transmission and reflection (grazing incidence) geometries are addressed, as well as the combination of SAXS with other X-ray and non-X-ray characterization tools. We conclude with an examination of several key areas of research where X-ray scattering has played a pivotal role, including in situ nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle assembly, and operando studies of catalysts and energy storage materials. Throughout this review we highlight the unique capabilities of X-ray scattering for structural characterization of materials in their native environment.

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Section: Gisaxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indexing With Two-beam Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research

2016

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“…This region in the crystal possess strains due to polishing. Narrowing of the rocking curve (FWHM = 1.97 µrad) from the point 3 can be described by small distortions in a crystal cell, an overall mosaicism and curved surface leading to a multiple diffraction effect [25]. The scan step of 0.17 µrad should be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic single crystal diamonds for X-ray optics

Shevyrtalov¹,

Barannikov²,

Palyanov³

et al. 2021

EUV and X-Ray Optics, Sources, and Instrumentation

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In the manuscript we report on characterization of single-crystalline (111) plates prepared from type Ib diamonds with nitrogen content of 100-150 ppm and (100) plates prepared from IIa diamond by means of high-resolution rocking curve imaging (RCI). Contrary to a common opinion about intrinsic poor diffraction quality of type Ib diamonds, RCI showed the presence of nearly defect-free areas of several mm 2 in the central part of the ( 111)-oriented diamond plates. In comparison with the (100)-oriented IIa diamond plates prepared by the same HPHT setup the Ib diamonds possess better diffraction quality. The observed broadening of the rocking curves associates with the cutting and polishing processes, causing strains around the edges of the plates and rare defects. An improvement of preparation technique will thus allow to make single-crystalline diamond plates for Laue and Bragg monochromators and beam splitters from type Ib diamond with areas large enough to be used as wavefront-preserving optical elements at 4 th generation synchrotron facilities.

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On the Influence of the Diffraction Geometry on Three-Beam Interference Profiles

Weckert

Hümmer

1998

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Solution to the X-ray Phase Problem Using Multiple Diffraction—a Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 99 publications

Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research

Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research

Synthetic single crystal diamonds for X-ray optics

On the Influence of the Diffraction Geometry on Three-Beam Interference Profiles

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