Solutions for Lateral Outflow in Perforated Conduits

Berlamont, Jean; Beken, A. Van der

doi:10.1061/jyceaj.0003744

Cited by 16 publications

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“…In the literature, many results of an experimental study of the operation of DP have been published. It has been found that a decrease in the uneven distribution of liquid along the pressure head DP is achieved by introducing polymer applications into the flow [10]. The latter reduce turbulent friction in cylindrical pipelines and change the hydraulic resistance of pipes of variable diameter [11].…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines

Cherniuk

Hnativ

Kravchuk

et al. 2021

EEJET

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Most production technologies require a uniform flow path of liquid from pressure distribution pipelines. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to introduce polymer additives into the liquid flow or to use converging distribution pipelines with a continuous longitudinal slot in the wall. To reduce the uneven operation of the distribution pipeline during discrete liquid dispensing, it is proposed to use cylindrical output rotary nozzles with a lateral orthogonal entry of the jet into the nozzle. The problem is the lack of methods for accurate hydraulic calculation of the operation of distribution pipelines. Adequate calculation methods are based on differential equations. Finding the exact solution of the differential equation of fluid motion with variable path flow rate for perforated distribution pipelines is urgent, because it still does not exist. The available calculation methods take into account only the right angles of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline. These methods are based on the assumption that the coefficient of hydraulic friction and the coefficient of resistance of the outlets are constant along the flow. A calculation method is proposed that takes into account the change in the values of these resistance coefficients along the distribution pipeline. The kinematic and physical characteristics of the flow outside the distribution pipeline are also taken into account. The accuracy of calculating the value of the flow rate of water distributed from the distribution pipeline has been experimentally verified. The error in calculating the water consumption by the method assuming that the values of the resistance coefficients are unchanged along the distribution pipeline reaches 18.75 %. According to the proposed calculation method, this error does not exceed 6.25 %. However, both methods are suitable for the design of pressure distribution pipelines, provided that the jet separation angles are straight. Taking into account the change from 90° to 360° of the angle of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline will expand the scope and accuracy of calculation methods.

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Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines

Cherniuk

Hnativ

Kravchuk

et al. 2021

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Heat‐Exchange Technology, Heat Transfer

Cho

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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In order to select a proper heat exchanger for a given application, various factors such as pressure, temperature, size, fouling factor, and the use of toxic or corrosive fluids must be considered. These pressure and temperature requirements mainly dictate the type of heat exchanger selected. In general, for high pressures and temperatures, tubular heat exchangers that conform to safety regulations and manufacturing codes are used. For moderate pressures, small but very efficient plate heat exchangers can be employed. There are three heat‐transfer modes, ie, conduction, convection, and radiation, each of which may play a role in the selection of a heat exchanger for a particular application. The basic design principles of heat exchangers are also important, as are the analysis methods employed to determine the right size heat exchanger. The shell‐and‐tube exchanger is the workhorse of power, chemical, refining, and other industries. Plate heat exchangers are used as an alternative in relatively low temperature and pressure applications involving liquids and two‐phase flows. Cold‐plate heat exchangers are used for electronics cooling applications. Heat exchangers are used whenever energy has to be transferred, and the proper design and use of heat exchangers are vitally important for efficient operation of an industrial system, for energy conservation, and ultimately for the protection of the environment. There are numerous design and operating problems originating from a lack of understanding of basic flows and heat‐transfer phenomena such as flow distribution in manifolds, flow‐induced vibration in two‐phase flows, heat‐transfer enhancement, fouling, etc. In order to help companies and organizations overcome problems associated with heat exchangers, for example, Heat Transfer Research Inc. (HTRI) (U.S) and the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Service (HTFS) (UK) provide results of heat‐transfer and fluid‐flow research, design methods, supporting computer programs, and proprietary equipment testing.

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An Assessment for Hydraulically Efficient Design of Uniformly Sloping Submain Lines

Yıldırım

2014

Irrigation and Drainage

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Determining the actual pressure head profiles along the submain lines with a uniform slope is very important for proper hydraulic design of water distribution systems. In practice, there are three general pressure head profiles (Type I, Type II, and Type III) along submain lines depending on different uniform line slope situations. Of all types of pressure profiles, the Type IIb profile is considered the optimal (or ideal) pressure profile which can produce the minimum pressure head difference for a given pipe length. This profile occurs when the total energy loss by friction is just balanced by the total energy gain due to uniform downslope. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis based on the energy-gradient ratio (EGR) approach to identify the optimal (or ideal) pressure profile (Type IIb), to achieve the minimal point of the relative maximum pressure variation, Φ H , which can be defined as the ratio of the maximum allowable pressure head difference (ΔH max ) to the total friction drop (h f(L) ). This minimal point is regarded as 'the most efficient pressure profile' or 'ideal hydraulic design' in the existing literature. For this purpose, an illustrative figure ( Figure 4) was developed to compare values of the relative maximum pressure variation versus the dimensionless EGR (K S = S 0 /S f ) for all types of pressure profiles. In this figure, the present ϕ H curve versus K S values allows the design engineer to make a decision for the best alternative for selecting the K S value, where for a given pipe slope (S 0 ) the K S value can be selected to meet the minimum pressure variation [K S =1, (ϕ H ) min =0.36] or the range of pressure variation as close to the minimum point as possible. The present design technique may provide a useful decision support tool for achieving a good design solution among hydraulically possible alternatives with minimal pressure head difference, and results in a higher level of water application uniformity along the multi-outlet pipeline system. RÉSUMÉDéterminer les profils réels de pression le long de tuyaux porte-rampes avec une pente uniforme est très important pour la conception hydraulique appropriée des systèmes de distribution d'eau. Dans la pratique, il existe trois profils de pression généraux (type I, type II et type III) le long des tuyaux en fonction de différentes situations de pente uniforme. Parmi tous les types de profils de pression, le profil type IIb est considéré comme le profil de pression optimale (ou idéal) qui peut produire la perte en charge minimale pour une longueur de tuyau donnée. Ce profil se produit lorsque la perte totale d'énergie par frottement est juste compensée par le gain d'énergie totale en raison de la pente descendante uniforme. Cet article présente une analyse complète sur la base du rapport de gradient d'énergie pour identifier la combinaison optimale (ou idéale) du profil de pression (type IIb) pour obtenir le minimum de variation relative de la pression maximale, ΦH. ΦH peut être défini comme le rapport de la différence de hauteur ...

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Solutions for Lateral Outflow in Perforated Conduits

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines

The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines

Heat‐Exchange Technology, Heat Transfer

An Assessment for Hydraulically Efficient Design of Uniformly Sloping Submain Lines

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