Solutions for Retention of Female Cardiologists  From the Survey of Gender Differences in the Work and Life of Cardiologists

Tsukada, Yayoi; Tokita, Miwa; Kato, Katsuhito; Kato, Yuko; Miyauchi, Mizuho; Ono, Isuzu; Tanabe, Hiroko; Yokoshima, Tomoko; Fukumoto, Hiroko; Miyatake, Yoshiko; Mizuno, Kyoichi

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0206

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Our study showed that, in higher income ranges, the proportion of men was higher than of women, adjusted for work load and number of workplaces. This difference in income between sexes has been reported in several other professional sectors 5 and has been registered in the last decades among North-American cardiologists. Most professionals reported to work more than 40 hours a week, with higher proportion of men in the private sector.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The progress of medicine and specialties, especially in the last decades, has promoted rapid chances in personal and professional lives of cardiologists. 3-5 In addition, international data have shown the aging of working classes, with changes in the profile and characteristics of professional activities, but still a predominance of men and a striking difference of salaries between the sexes. 6 However, data on the profile of Brazilian cardiologists and their perceptions of the profession are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology

Faganello

Pimentel

Polanczyk

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Background Data from the international literature have shown changes in the profile of cardiologists and in their medical practices. However, there is no data on this in Brazilian cardiologists. Objective To evaluate professional and personal characteristics of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists. Methods This was a cross-sectional study; a questionnaire was sent by e-mail to cardiologists, active members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology in 2017. The results were analyzed, and the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results The questionnaire was sent to 13,462 cardiologists, with 2,101 (15.6%) respondents, mostly men (71.8% versus 28.2%). Age distribution and marital status were significantly different between the sexes (p < 0.001). The number of cardiologists without children was higher among women (40.5% versus 16.1%; p < 0.001). The most common place of work was the public hospital (46.5%), followed by private hospital (28.5%) and private office (21.1%). The office was the main place of work for 23.9% of men and 14% of women (p < 0.001), with predominance of individuals older than 50 years (31.7% versus 10.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Most cardiologists (64.2%) worked more than 40 hours a week (69% of them men and 51.9% of the women; p < 0.001). Eighty-eight percent of the sample earned more than BRL 11,000 (US$ 3,473.43), and 66.5% of the men earned more than BRL 20,000 (US$ 6,315.32) per month, versus 31.2% of the women (p < 0.001). A high level of work-related stress was reported by 11.3% of respondents. Conclusion Most cardiologists were men, who showed higher workload and higher income; 11.3% of the cardiologists perceived stress as a great deal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology

Faganello

Pimentel

Polanczyk

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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“…Yet, government reports reveal that labor force participation rates of female physicians fall to 75% within 9 years after graduation [ 5 ], with childbirth and parental duties cited as principal reasons [ 2 , 6 ]. In Japan, domestic responsibilities, and especially parental duties, fall on women’s shoulders much more heavily than men’s, even when the wife is the physician [ 7 ]. Therefore, with motherhood, female physicians find managing work and parental duties difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professional fulfillment and parenting work-life balance in female physicians in Basic Sciences and medical research: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of all 80 medical schools in Japan

2017

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BackgroundIn Japan, the field of Basic Sciences encompasses clinical, academic, and translational research, as well as the teaching of medical sciences, with both an MD and PhD typically required. In this study, it was hypothesized that the characteristics of a Basic Sciences career path could offer the professional advancement and personal fulfillment that many female medical doctors would find advantageous. Moreover, encouraging interest in Basic Sciences could help stem shortages that Japan is experiencing in medical fields, as noted in the three principal contributing factors: premature resignation of female clinicians, an imbalance of female physicians engaged in research, and a shortage of medical doctors in the Basic Sciences. This study examines the professional and personal fulfillment expressed by Japanese female medical doctors who hold positions in Basic Sciences. Topics include career advancement, interest in medical research, and greater flexibility for parenting.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed at all 80 medical schools in Japan, directed to 228 female medical doctors whose academic rank was assistant professor or higher in departments of Basic Sciences in 2012. Chi-square tests and the binary logistic regression model were used to investigate the impact of parenthood on career satisfaction, academic rank, salary, etc.ResultsThe survey response rate of female physicians in Basic Sciences was 54.0%. Regardless of parental status, one in three respondents cited research interest as their rationale for entering Basic Sciences, well over twice other motivations. A majority had clinical experience, with clinical duties maintained part-time by about half of respondents and particularly parents. Only one third expressed afterthoughts about relinquishing full-time clinical practice, with physicians who were parents expressing stronger regrets. Parental status had little effect on academic rank and income within the Basic Sciences,ConclusionScientific curiosity and a desire to improve community health are hallmarks of those choosing a challenging career in medicine. Therefore, it is unsurprising that interest in research is the primary motivation for a female medical doctor to choose a career in Basic Sciences. Additionally, as with many young professionals with families, female doctors seek balance in professional and private lives. Although many expressed afterthoughts relinquishing a full-time clinical practice, mothers generally benefited from greater job flexibility, with little significant effect on career development and income as Basic Scientists.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12960-017-0241-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing in household responsibilities and care needs for children remaining at home with a marked decrease in options for stable or emergency childcare [ 9 ]. As well as in Japan, domestic responsibilities and household chores fall on women’s shoulders much more heavily than on men’s, even when the wife is a physician [ 10 ]. In the first and second waves in Japan, schools and nurseries were closed by the government, resulting in more children having to be cared for at home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilemma of physician-mothers faced with an increased home burden and clinical duties in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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Purpose Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world. During the pandemic, physicians in our hospital have had to respond both to the issue of treating the patients and the increasing domestic burden associated with social disruption. The purpose of this study was to assess how much the burden on our doctors, especially female doctors, was increasing. Material and methods The Physicians’ Career Support Committee in Sapporo Medical University conducted a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire inquired about a wide range of subjects with regard to working style and family life during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, and was sent to all medical/dental physicians working in Sapporo Medical University. Results A total of 266 (42.7%) physicians in our hospital responded to our questionnaire and the data for 264 data were analyzed. The total numbers of males, females, and others, including those who did not want to specify, were 178 (67.4%), 82 (31.0%), and 4 (1.5%), respectively. Among them, 62 (23.5%) and 23 (8.7%) answered that their domestic burden was slightly or markedly increased. The increase in the domestic burden showed a significant difference between genders (p = 0.04). Even after correction for background differences using multivariate analysis, being female (p<0.001), having child dependents (p<0.001), and treating COVID-19 patients (p = 0.03) were significantly related to an increased domestic burden. Regarding family style, 58.1% of the physician-fathers were from two-income families (i.e., families with both parents in employment), and they answered that their partner mainly cared for the children. In contrast, 97.3% of physician-mothers were from two-income families, and 94.6% of the physician-mothers had to take care of children by themselves. Conclusion Physician-mothers are caught in a dilemma between an increased home burden and clinical duties in the hospital, with a significantly higher ratio than physician-fathers during the pandemic. As we showed, female doctors could have not continued their careers and take responsible positions in the same way as male doctors. This is a social risk in the timing of a crisis, such as a pandemic.

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Solutions for Retention of Female Cardiologists From the Survey of Gender Differences in the Work and Life of Cardiologists

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology

The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology

Professional fulfillment and parenting work-life balance in female physicians in Basic Sciences and medical research: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of all 80 medical schools in Japan

Dilemma of physician-mothers faced with an increased home burden and clinical duties in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic

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