Solutions to the water flooding problem for unitized regenerative fuel cells: status and perspectives

Vincent, Immanuel; Lee, Eun-Chong; Kim, Hyung-Man

doi:10.1039/d0ra00434k

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In a most recent investigation, Vincent et al 77 proposed a novel system design of utilizing an anion exchange membrane (AEM) rather than the conventional PEM. In the plan, a novel 3D bi‐GDL as a moderate electrode and a couple of AEMs were utilized instead of the conventional PEM.…”

Section: Basic Pemfc Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vincent et al 77 proposed a novel system design of utilizing an AEM instead of an ordinary PEM. In the design, a novel 3D bi‐GDL as a middle electrode and a pair of AEM was used instead of the conventional PEM.…”

Section: Water Management In Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…120,130 Anode flooding can be incited through low current densities, low temperatures, and water back diffusion from the cathode prompting not only fuel starvation but also carbon substrate oxidation. 131 Vincent et al 77 proposed a novel system design of utilizing an AEM instead of an ordinary PEM. In the design, a novel 3D bi-GDL as a middle electrode and a pair of AEM was used instead of the conventional PEM.…”

Section: Cathode and Anode Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flooding can be as a result of several parameters and have been investigated and reported by researchers. 40,77,133 Recently, Zhao et al 116 investigated the impacts of two-way hydrogen supply (TWHS) mode on the working performance of open cathode PEMFCs using visualization technique to affirm the positive function of the TWHS mode on upgraded anode water transport in PEMFCs. The model was proposed and applied to an open cathode PEMFC stack with a DEA.…”

Section: Research On the Visualization Of Water In Pem Flow Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of gas diffusion layer properties and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

2020

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can intensely lessen the emissions from the energy sector through environmentally friendly attributes. This evaluation paper summarizes the key additives of the PEMFC which are associated with water formation and delivery inside the cell. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays a key role in reactant gas diffusion and water control in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This paper also reviews updated literature regarding various hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials used for the improvement of the GDL and overall PEMFC performance. A style of carbon and steel-based microporous substrates (MPS) and microporous layer (MPL) and their impact in GDL overall performance are provided. Materials' properties that affect the performance of the MPL consisting of pore sizes, porosity, and permeability are additionally reviewed. Visualization of water in the flow channel and techniques to understand the mechanism of flow is reported. The failure modes related to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and typical PEMFC degradation are discussed. Prospects for development and addressing the water management and degradation of PEMFC through the exploration of further experimental and numerical studies are presented. Highlights • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can be a good candidate for several applications • The material property of the GDL influences the overall fuel performance • Water transport if not properly managed can cause poor performance and failure of the fuel cell • There is need to understand how the fuel cell failure is related to the

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Section: Basic Pemfc Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Management In Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cathode and Anode Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research On the Visualization Of Water In Pem Flow Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of gas diffusion layer properties and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

2020

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“…Guterl and Fang [ 15 , 16 ] found in the highly ordered porous carbon material that the hydrogen storage capacity was linearly related to the volume of the ultramicropore. According to the document [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], it is difficult to measure multiple important physical parameters inside the proton battery accurately, and the multiple important physical parameters (e.g., hydrogen, voltage, current, temperature, humidity and flow) are correlated with each other; all of them have a critical effect on the performance of the proton battery. However, the external measurement of the proton battery is the only way at the moment to know the overall output performance, and the authentic information inside the proton battery cannot be known accurately and instantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible 6-in-1 Microsensor for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Proton Battery

Lee

Chen²,

Yang

et al. 2021

Membranes

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According to the comparison between a proton battery and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the PEMFC requires oxygen and hydrogen for generating electricity, so a hydrogen tank is required, leading to larger volume of PEMFC. The proton battery can store hydrogen in the carbon layer, combined with the oxygen in the air to form water to generate electricity; thus, the battery cost and the space for a hydrogen tank can be reduced a lot, and it is used more extensively. As the proton battery is a new research area, multiple important physical quantities inside the proton battery should be further understood and monitored so as to enhance the performance of battery. The proton battery has the potential for practical applications, as well as water electrolysis, proton storage and discharge functions, and it can be produced without expensive metals. Therefore, in this study, we use micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a diagnostic tool for the proton battery based on the developed microhydrogen sensor, integrated with the voltage, current, temperature, humidity and flow microsensors developed by this laboratory to complete a flexible integrated 6-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in the proton battery to measure internal important physical parameters simultaneously so that the reaction condition in the proton battery can be mastered more accurately. In addition, the interaction of physical quantities of the proton battery are discussed so as to enhance the proton battery’s performance.

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Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells: Future of Renewable Energy Research

Renuka

Bhat

Unni

2022

Renewable Energy Technologies

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Solutions to the water flooding problem for unitized regenerative fuel cells: status and perspectives

Abstract: This review summarizes state-of-the-art studies on water management of URFC's with a focus on recent developments and discusses the technical challenges of water management strategies.

Cited by 38 publications

References 113 publications

A review of gas diffusion layer properties and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

A review of gas diffusion layer properties and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

Flexible 6-in-1 Microsensor for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Proton Battery

Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells: Future of Renewable Energy Research

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