This study investigates
a fast dissolution and regeneration pretreatment
to produce regenerated cellulose nanofibers (RCNFs) via mechanical
disintegration. Two cellulose pulps, namely, birch and dissolving
pulps, with degree of polymerizations of 1800 and 3600, respectively,
were rapidly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by using tetraethylammonium
hydroxide (TEAOH) as aqueous electrolyte at room temperature. When
TEAOH (35 wt % in water) was added to the pulp–DMSO dispersion
(pulp:DMSO and TEAOH:DMSO weight ratios of 1:90 and 1:9, respectively),
95% of the dissolving pulp and 85% of the birch pulp fibers dissolved
almost immediately. Addition of water caused the regeneration of cellulose
without any chemical modification and only a minor decrease of DP,
whereas the crystallinity structure of cellulose transformed from
cellulose I to cellulose II. The regenerated cellulose could then
be mechanically disintegrated into nanosized fibers with only a few
passes through a microfluidizer, and RCNF showed fibrous structure.
The specific tensile strength of the film produced from both RCNFs
exceeded 100 kN·m/kg, and overall mechanical properties of RCNF
produced from birch pulp were in line with reference CNF produced
by using extensive mechanical disintegration. Although the thermal
stability of RCNFs was slightly lower compared to their corresponding
original cellulose pulp, the onset temperature of degradation of RCNFs
was over 270 °C.