Solvent‐Additive Engineering‐Assisted Improvement of Interface Contact for Producing Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) suffer from perishing interface contact due to the non‐wetting hole‐transport layer (HTL). Herein, the several classes of solvent to the perovskite precursor (the process is defined as solvent‐additive engineering) for achieving an improvement in the interface contact between nonwetting HTL and active perovskite layer, suitably achieving improved hole‐interface charge transfer, are mixed. Also, a high‐quality perovskite layer with high crystallinity, large grain distribution, and flat surface morphology is obtained based on solvent‐additive engineering, which affords a lower bulk and interface trap density. IPSCs with the modified perovskite layer show suppression of nonradiative recombination on the surface and in the bulk of the perovskite, thereby achieving an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 20.6%. In addition, IPSCs using a mixed‐cation perovskite (FA0.83Cs0.07MA0.13PbI2.64Br0.39) are also fabricated and a highest efficiency of 22.1%, visualizing the broad applicability of this method, is achieved. This simple, low‐cost, and efficient solvent‐additive strategy can solve interface contact problems and improve perovskite quality, thus potentially giving rise to other applications.

Multistrategy Preparation of Efficient and Stable Environment-Friendly Lead-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The quality of the perovskite film plays a key role in preparing the PSCs with high PCE. ,, As yet, a lot of methods have been proposed to ameliorate the quality of the perovskite thin film, for example, additive engineering, ,, buried engineering, , precursor solvent, and component engineering. , Besides, the antisolvent engineering , has been considered one of the most effective ways to enhance the quality of the perovskite film. In addition to finding more suitable and greener antisolvents or mixing antisolvents engineers, , introducing additives into antisolvents is also an important content of antisolvent engineering.…”

“…The quality of the perovskite film plays a key role in preparing the PSCs with high PCE. 7,10,11 As yet, a lot of methods have been proposed to ameliorate the quality of the perovskite thin film, for example, additive engineering, 5,12,13 buried engineering, 14,15 precursor solvent, and component engineering. 16,17 Besides, the antisolvent engineering 18,19 has been considered one of the most effective ways to enhance the quality of the perovskite film.…”

Effects of polyethylene oxide particles on the photo-physical properties and stability of FA-rich perovskite solar cells

“…Additive engineering can achieve this goal as well as modulate the interfacial properties of the entire PSCs 20 , 21 . Polymeric additives incorporated into perovskite precursors have been shown to aid the homogeneous nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films leading to the formation of large perovskite grains with reduced grain boundaries 22 , 23 .…”

Advanced Strategies to Tailor the Nucleation and Crystal Growth in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin Films

“…The surface coverage for the controlled samples (without any solvent additive) was found to be around 20–30% only. Surface coverage for EA and CB additives was improved to more than 95% ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). They found a positive correlation between the contact angle and grain size obtained by adding various solvent additives.…”

“…These methods involve changing the perovskite precursor solution concentration and temperature, optimizing the coating parameters such as the spin speed and time, tuning the annealing temperature of thin films. In addition to these methods, new techniques such as composition ( Kang and Park, 2019 ) and thermal engineering ( Srivastava et al, 2018 ), additive engineering in the perovskite precursor solution ( Tavakoli et al, 2019 ; Giuliano et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ), air-assisted drying ( Ding et al, 2019 ), humidity tuning ( Gangishetty et al, 2016 ), vapor-assisted annealing ( Sheng et al, 2015 ; Shi et al, 2015 ; Karlsson et al, 2021 ), and surface passivation layer capping ( Chen P. et al, 2018 ; Tavakoli et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2021 ) are also employed. To gain a deeper insight into this, we need to understand film optimization through the process of the crystal growth and design.…”