“…From the characterization studies, the fluorescent C-Dots emitted colourful emission such as blue (2.82 eV), green (2.59 eV), yellow (2.28 eV) and red (2.14 eV) light under different concentration of the solvent of DMF/H 2 O (2:1 vol/vol), EtOH/ CH 3 COOH (450:1 vol/vol), pure EtOH and pure DMF with increasing yield (50,70,87 and 90% Some research groups have found that differentiating the composition of reaction solvents is efficient in controlling CD bandages and thus modulating multicolored emitting CDs or long wavelength-emissive CDs. The CDs could be directly synthesized using different solvents from the same precursor or may be synthesized CDs dispersed in different solvents to observe the tunable property (Song et al, 2019)- (Bai et al, 2019;Jing et al, 2019). For example, Tian et al (2017) prepared all colour emitting CD using citric acid, urea as raw materials and three different solvents (water, glycerol, and dimethyl formamide) via a solvothermal method.…”
Carbon-Dots (C-Dots) have drawn much attention in recent years owing to their remarkable properties such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, nano-scale size, and ease of modification with good tuneable photoluminescence performance. These unique properties have led C-Dots to become a promising platform for bioimaging, metal ion sensing and an antibacterial agent. C-Dots can be prepared using the top-down and bottom-up approaches, in which the latter method is commonly used for large scale and low-cost synthesis. C-Dots can be synthesized using sustainable raw materials or green biomass since it is environmentally friendly, in-expensive and most importantly, promotes the minimization of waste production. However, using biomass waste to produce high-quality C-Dots is still a matter of concern waiting for resolution, and this will be the main focus of this review. Fundamental understanding of C-Dots such as structure analysis, physical and chemical properties of C-Dots, various synthesis methodology and type of raw materials used are also discussed and correlated comprehensively. Additionally, factors affecting the bandgap of the C-Dots and the strategies to overcome these shortcomings are also covered. Moreover, formation mechanism of C-Dots focusing on the hydrothermal method, option and challenges to scale up the C-Dots production are explored. It is expected that the great potential of producing C-Dots from agricultural waste a key benefit in view of their versatility in a wide range of applications.
“…From the characterization studies, the fluorescent C-Dots emitted colourful emission such as blue (2.82 eV), green (2.59 eV), yellow (2.28 eV) and red (2.14 eV) light under different concentration of the solvent of DMF/H 2 O (2:1 vol/vol), EtOH/ CH 3 COOH (450:1 vol/vol), pure EtOH and pure DMF with increasing yield (50,70,87 and 90% Some research groups have found that differentiating the composition of reaction solvents is efficient in controlling CD bandages and thus modulating multicolored emitting CDs or long wavelength-emissive CDs. The CDs could be directly synthesized using different solvents from the same precursor or may be synthesized CDs dispersed in different solvents to observe the tunable property (Song et al, 2019)- (Bai et al, 2019;Jing et al, 2019). For example, Tian et al (2017) prepared all colour emitting CD using citric acid, urea as raw materials and three different solvents (water, glycerol, and dimethyl formamide) via a solvothermal method.…”
Carbon-Dots (C-Dots) have drawn much attention in recent years owing to their remarkable properties such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, nano-scale size, and ease of modification with good tuneable photoluminescence performance. These unique properties have led C-Dots to become a promising platform for bioimaging, metal ion sensing and an antibacterial agent. C-Dots can be prepared using the top-down and bottom-up approaches, in which the latter method is commonly used for large scale and low-cost synthesis. C-Dots can be synthesized using sustainable raw materials or green biomass since it is environmentally friendly, in-expensive and most importantly, promotes the minimization of waste production. However, using biomass waste to produce high-quality C-Dots is still a matter of concern waiting for resolution, and this will be the main focus of this review. Fundamental understanding of C-Dots such as structure analysis, physical and chemical properties of C-Dots, various synthesis methodology and type of raw materials used are also discussed and correlated comprehensively. Additionally, factors affecting the bandgap of the C-Dots and the strategies to overcome these shortcomings are also covered. Moreover, formation mechanism of C-Dots focusing on the hydrothermal method, option and challenges to scale up the C-Dots production are explored. It is expected that the great potential of producing C-Dots from agricultural waste a key benefit in view of their versatility in a wide range of applications.
“…[14][15][16][17] Several synthetic strategies have been employed by different research groups for the synthesis of carbon dots with different colour emission. [18][19][20] Lei and coworkers reported an external heating free synthetic procedure for the fabrication of carbon dots using citric acid as the carbon source and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC) as the cross linking agent. [21] Control of reaction condition and passivation of surface of the carbon dots are the most frequently adopted strategies for the tuning of the fluorescence of carbon dots.…”
“…Commonly, the I D / I G ratios are widely used to evaluate the quality of carbon materials [ 19 ]. The ratio of I D / I G is about 0.63, indicating a high graphitization degree in Car-CDs [ 20 ]. Fig.…”
Long-lasting moisture retention is a huge challenge to humectants, and effective methods or additives for promote these functions are limited, especially nano-additives. Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing research interest due to its ultra-small size, excellent optical properties and low toxicity, etc. However, most of researches have been focused on the photoexcited CDs and its subsequent photophysical and chemical processes, such as photoluminescence, photodynamic, photothermal and photocatalytic behavior. The intrinsic chemo-physical properties of the pristine CDs are not fully explored. Here, we report an excellent moisture retention capability of a new carmine cochineal-derived CDs (Car-CDs) for the first time. The relationship between the structure of Car-CDs and its moisture retention capability is revealed. More interestingly, the effective applications of Car-CDs in moisturizing lipstick are demonstrated. This work expands the research and application of CDs into a broad, new area, potentially in skin care.
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