Solvent extracted organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distributed in size-segregated airborne particles in a zone of México City: Seasonal behavior and human exposure

Amador-Muñóz, Omar; Villalobos‐Pietrini, Rafael; Agapito-Nadales, Ma. Cristina; Munive-Colín, Zenaida; Hernández-Mena, Leonel; Sánchez-Sandoval, Magdalena; Gómez‐Arroyo, Sandra; Bravo-Cabrera, José Luis; Guzmán-Rincón, Judith

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.012

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This approach considers two main principles: (1) that organic molecular markers are present in relatively high concentrations in emissions from a specific source and in lower concentrations in the remaining sources, and (2) that they react slowly enough in the atmosphere to be conserved during transport from the source to the observation/receptor site (Schauer et al, 1996;Lin et al, 2010). The use of organic molecular markers in the last decade has proven to be a powerful method to identify and attribute emission sources in urban areas (Alves et al, 2001;Fraser et al, 2003;Abas et al, 2004;Kalaitzoglou et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2005;Feng et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2006;Li et al, 2006;Park et al, 2006;Alves et al, 2007;Chow et al, 2007;Ke et al, 2007;Stone et al, 2008;Amador-Muñoz et al, 2010;Yin et al, 2010;Pietrogrande et al, 2011;Perrone et al, 2012;Giri et al, 2013;Villalobos et al, 2015;Watson et al, 2015;Zheng et al, 2015). In spite of recent research interest on organic molecular markers for source apportionment, the application of this approach started in the 1980s (Simoneit, 1985(Simoneit, , 1986Eatough et al, 1989;Simoneit and Mazurek, 1989) and continued in the 1990s (Simoneit et al, 1990(Simoneit et al, , 1991Schauer et al, 1996;Simoneit, 1999;Schauer and Cass, 2000), especially with the development of organic source profiles for primary emission sources (Rogge et al, 1991…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic composition and source apportionment of fine aerosol at Monterrey, Mexico, based on organic markers

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Primary emissions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources as well as secondary formation are responsible for the pollution levels of ambient air in major urban areas. These sources release fine particles into the air that negatively impact human health and the environment. Organic molecular markers, which are compounds that are unique to specific PM2.5 sources, can be utilized to identify the major emission sources in urban areas. In this study, 43 representative PM2.5 samples, for both daytime and nighttime periods, were built from individual samples collected in an urban site of the Monterrey metropolitan area (MMA) during the spring and fall of 2011 and 2012. The samples were analyzed for organic carbon, elemental carbon, and organic molecular markers. Several diagnostic tools were employed for the preliminary identification of emission sources. Organic compounds for eight compound classes were quantified. The n-alkanoic acids were the most abundant, followed by n-alkanes, wood smoke markers, and levoglucosan/alkenoic acids. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes were less abundant. The carbon preference index (0.7–2.6) for n-alkanes indicates a major contribution of anthropogenic and mixed sources during the fall and the spring, respectively. Hopanes levels confirmed the contribution from gasoline and diesel engines. In addition, the contribution of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust was confirmed and identified by the PAH concentrations in PM2.5. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs showed emissions from burning coal, wood, biomass, and other fossil fuels. The total PAHs and elemental carbon were correlated (r2 =  0.39–0.70) across the monitoring periods, reinforcing that motor vehicles are the major contributors of PAHs. Cholesterol levels remained constant during the spring and fall, showing evidence of the contribution of meat-cooking operations, while the isolated concentrations of levoglucosan suggested occasional biomass burning events. Finally, source attribution results obtained using the CMB (chemical mass balance) model indicate that emissions from motor vehicle exhausts are the most important, accounting for the 64 % of the PM2.5, followed by meat-cooking operations with 31 % The vegetative detritus and biomass burning had the smallest contribution (2.2 % of the PM2.5). To our knowledge, this is only the second study to explore the organic composition and source apportionment of fine organic aerosol based on molecular markers in Mexico and the first for the MMA. Particularly molecular marker were quantified by solvent extraction with dichloromethane, derivatization, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic composition and source apportionment of fine aerosol at Monterrey, Mexico, based on organic markers

et al. 2016

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“…Among them, PAH have been the most studied PAC in gas and particle phases, in part owing to carcinogenic effects (Denissenko et al, 1996;IARC, 1983IARC, , 1989) and genotoxic properties (Villalobos-Pietrini et al, 2007), although their derivatives as nitro-and oxy-compounds can represent a higher risk than their parent PAH (Durant et al, 1996). PAH are present in a larger proportion in fine particles (Allen et al, 1996;Amador-Muñoz et al, 2010). The main intake route by humans is the respiratory system; the particles generally occur as complex mixtures emitted as a result of incomplete combustion processes and are generated from both natural and anthropic sources (ATSDR, 1995).…”

Section: Chemical Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical analysis suggested that fluoranthene and benz [a]anthracene could also mainly originate in wood combustion, which was the opposite for perylene and coronene, where the fires were not their principal origin. In a subsequent study, Amador-Muñoz et al (2010) evaluated the seasonal behavior of particle mass, solvent extracted organic matter (SEOM) and PAH in dry (October 1998-February 1999 and rainy (June-October 1999) season, using a cascade impactor with six stages (<0.49-10 µm). Higher mass concentrations were distributed in particles with diameters < 3.0 µm in both seasons (Fig.…”

Section: Off-real Time Pah Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Compound in Airborne Particles and their Genottoxic Effects in Mexico City

Villalobos-Pietrini¹,

Amador-Muñóz²,

Valle-Hernández³

et al. 2011

Air Quality Monitoring, Assessment and Management

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“…Dentre os HPA, o reteno (1-metil-7-isopropilfenantreno) é formado a partir da degradação térmica do ácido abiético da resina presente na madeira de coníferas (Ramdhal, 1983;Rogge et al, 1998) Este composto vem sendo considerado como um traçador da queima de biomassa quando encontrado em atmosferas urbanas (Didyk et al 2000;Bi et al, 2002;Re-Poppi e Santiago-Silva, 2002;Amador-Munoz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Marcadores Químicos Molecularesunclassified

Determinação de compostos orgânicos no aerossol atmosférico em sítios da América do Sul

Nascimento¹

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À Deus por me dar a vida, a força, a paz e o amor em todas as horas, principalmente naquelas mais difíceis. Aos meus pais pela dedicação, incentivo, amor e seus esforços para me proporcionar sempre o melhor. À Profa. Dra. Pérola de Castro Vasconcellos pela orientação, amizade e a confiança em mim depositada durante a realização deste trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Jorge César Masini pela oportunidade da utilização do CG-DIC. Ao Prof. Dr. Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade pelo apoio e a disponibilidade da utilização do CG/EM. Ao meu namorado que sempre esteve ao meu lado, pela paciência e palavras de incentivo e apoio. À Viviane, Lya e Graziella pela amizade sempre. Aos amigos distantes da UFSCar por todos os maravilhosos momentos, que hoje superam a saudade. Aos amigos do GEQAT, Davi, Fernando, Simone e Perpétua pela ajuda em todos os momentos. Ao amigos do LQAAA, Sandro, Carlito, Zeca, Ausberta e Marilda. Ao CNPq pela bolsa concedida e todo apoio financeiro. À FAPESP pelo apoio financeiro. Aos funcionários do IQ-USP. Enfim, a todas as pessoas que de alguma forma contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. Palavras-chave: material particulado, marcadores moleculares, compostos orgânicos, HPA, emissões antrópicas, transporte de massas.

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Solvent extracted organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distributed in size-segregated airborne particles in a zone of México City: Seasonal behavior and human exposure

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Organic composition and source apportionment of fine aerosol at Monterrey, Mexico, based on organic markers

Organic composition and source apportionment of fine aerosol at Monterrey, Mexico, based on organic markers

Organic Compound in Airborne Particles and their Genottoxic Effects in Mexico City

Determinação de compostos orgânicos no aerossol atmosférico em sítios da América do Sul

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