Solvent Extraction

Moldoveanu, Serban C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-54319-6.00006-2

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…After 30 minutes, the sample was taken out of the water bath and centrifuged at 4000 g for 15 minutes in a pre-heated centrifuge (Heraus Multifuge 3S) to separate the aqueous and organic layer. After phase separation, the organic layer was transferred to a tarred round-bottom flask and the mixture of BSFL and water was extracted two more times with the same amount of solvent to increase the lipid recovery [41]. The three extracts were combined in the same round-bottom flask.…”

Section: 3wet Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the lipid extraction of fresh black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran by response surface methodology

Smets

Goos

Claes

et al. 2021

Separation and Purification Technology

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While black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) have the potential to become a renewable, industrial feedstock; lipid extractions are typically performed with hexane. Green solvents, however, are gaining more popularity to replace these harmful solvents such as hexane. In this study, the green solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) was compared with hexane for extracting lipids from fresh BSFL at moderate temperature. Response surface methodology was used to investigate these wet extractions with a Soxhlet extraction as benchmark. Two sets of optimal process settings were predicted and validated for (1) maximising solvent efficiency and (2) maximising lipid recovery. The resulting extracts were characterised by their fatty acid profile and lipid class composition. The results of the benchmark extraction (Soxhlet) showed that 2-MeTHF could extract significantly more lipids from dried BSFL than hexane (43.23 vs. 40.34 g lipids/100 g DM). No significant difference was found between the maximum solvent efficiencies of hexane and 2-MeTHF. By performing the wet extraction with 2-MeTHF at 45 °C with 15 w/w % fresh BSFL, 40 w/w % 2-MeTHF, and 45 w/w % water; the highest lipid recovery was obtained (94.9 ± 1.8 % of total BSFL lipids). These results indicated that the wet extraction was able to extract a similar amount of lipids compared to the Soxhlet extraction. Although the fatty acid profiles did not differ between extraction conditions, 2-MeTHF extracted a higher quantity of free fatty acids and valuable phospholipids compared to hexane. Consequently, the wet lipid extraction with 2-MeTHF can be considered a suitable, more ecologic alternative for the conventional extraction of dried BSFL with hexane.

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Section: 3wet Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the lipid extraction of fresh black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran by response surface methodology

Smets

Goos

Claes

et al. 2021

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…The paramount importance of this method is to obtain an appropriate solvent that can be used as the extractant in the extraction process. Applying a suitable extractant plays a significant role in the extraction efficiency of the industrial separation process. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria Data for the Quaternary System of Acetic Acid, Water, p-Xylene, and Ethyl Acetate at 313.15 K and 101.325 kPa

et al. 2015

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The liquid−liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the quaternary system, acetic acid, water, p-xylene, and ethyl acetate, was obtained at 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The composition distribution of each component on the aqueous phase and organic phase were investigated. To examine the effects of the solvent, the LLE phase diagrams at different p-xylene to ethyl acetate ratios are presented for this quaternary system. The reliability of the tie-line data of this study was also confirmed using the Othmer−Tobias and Hand equation. The distribution ratio and separation factors for the extraction of acetic acid from the aqueous solutions were obtained. Furthermore, the equilibrium data of this study was analyzed using the quasichemical activity coefficient (UNI-QUAC) and nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) models. The experimental data was correlated successfully with both the activity coefficient models that were extended with each binary interaction parameter. To determine the accuracy of each activity model, the root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) and average absolute deviation (AAD) resulting from these models were also calculated. The RMSDs and AAD of the NRTL models were 0.0196 and 0.0213, respectively, whereas those of the UNIQUAC model were 0.0166 and 0.0114, respectively. These values showed that the UNIQUAC model is superior to the NRTL model.

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“… P′: Polarity index 23 ; β 2 H : Relative hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) ability 24 ; ε: Dielectric constant 25 ; A : Anion solvating abilities of solvents 26 ; log P: Octanol/water partition coefficient 27 ; * 28 . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and stoichiometry of gallic acid and methyl gallate in scavenging DPPH radical as affected by the reaction solvent

Shojaee

Moeenfard

Farhoosh

2022

Sci Rep

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The activity and capacity of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) in scavenging DPPH· were determined in different solvents. Based on the bimolecular rate constants k2, both antioxidants showed highest activities in EtOH, followed by in MeOH, t-BuOH, MeCN, 2-PrOH, acetone, THF, ethyl acetate, and 1,4-dioxane. GA indicated better activities (k2 value, M−1 s−1) than MG in the alcoholic solvents (51–1939 vs. 25–1530) and in MeCN (203 vs. 187) whereas MG was of higher activities in the polar aprotic solvents (1.7–41 vs. 1.6–13). The highest stoichiometries for GA vs. MG were in 2-PrOH (6.67 vs. 5.37), followed by EtOH (5.84 vs. 4.57), MeOH (5.34 vs. 3.8) ~ acetone (5.02 vs. 4.44), MeCN (3.68 vs. 3.05) ~ t-BuOH (3.14 vs. 2.99), THF (2.34 vs. 2.2), ethyl acetate (1.2 vs. 0.93), and 1,4-dioxane (0.34 vs. 0.35).

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Solvent Extraction

Cited by 21 publications

References 88 publications

Optimisation of the lipid extraction of fresh black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran by response surface methodology

Optimisation of the lipid extraction of fresh black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran by response surface methodology

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria Data for the Quaternary System of Acetic Acid, Water, p-Xylene, and Ethyl Acetate at 313.15 K and 101.325 kPa

Kinetics and stoichiometry of gallic acid and methyl gallate in scavenging DPPH radical as affected by the reaction solvent

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