Solvent Extraction of Gallium (III) from Basic Sodium Aluminate Solution by Alkanoyl Oxines

Filik, Hayati; Apak, Reşat

doi:10.1080/01496399408002189

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Liquid-liquid extraction [2][3][4][5] is effective for separation and preconcentration of cations, including these metals. Several researchers have studied the fundamental extraction behavior [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and the mutual extractive separation [15][16][17][18][19][20] of trivalent group 13 metal cations using many kinds of extractants. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In spite of its versatility, multi-stage extraction procedures, disposal of large volumes of organic wastes and expensive treatment are the main problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Preconcentration of Gallium(III), Indium(III), and Thallium(III) Using New Hydrazone-modified Resin

et al. 2007

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Ga(III), In(III) and Tl(III) ions in the presence of different sulfate salts have been successfully separated using 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde)-2-acetylpyridiniumchloride hydrazone (DAPCH) loaded on Duolite C20 in batch and column modes. The obtained modified resin as well as the metal complexes was characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectra. The extraction isotherms were determined at different pH values. Ga(III) and In(III) are sorbed from aqueous solution at pH 2.5 -3.0 while Tl(III) is sorbed at 2.0. The stripping of the adsorbed ions can be carried out using different concentrations of HCl as eluent. The saturation sorption capacities of Ga(III), In(III) and Tl(III) were 0.82, 0.96 and 0.44 mmol g -1 , where the preconcentration factors are 150, 150 and 100, respectively. The metal(III):Duolite C20-DAPCH ratio was 1:2 for Tl(III) and 1:1 for In(III) and Ga(III). The loaded resin can be regenerated for at least 50 cycles. The utility of the modified resin was tested in aqueous samples and the results show an RSD value of < 5% reflecting their accuracy and reproducibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Preconcentration of Gallium(III), Indium(III), and Thallium(III) Using New Hydrazone-modified Resin

et al. 2007

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“…), C15H31 (P.Ox), and C17H35 @.Ox)] have been synthesized by a modified route based on the Fries rearrangement (4), and their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy (5). Although this study showed that Ga could be selectively extracted by a CHC13 solution of these reagents from a basic solution of pH 13 containing up to 20-fold of aluminum, the extraction was rather slow, requiring a time period of 60 minutes at 40°C.…”

Section: Co-r O Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reagents were of analytical grade purity unless otherwise stated. 5-Alkanoyl-8-hydroxyquinolines, i.e., myristoyl oxine (M.Ox), palmitoy1 oxine (P.Ox), and stearoyl oxine @.Ox), were synthesized in the department laboratories as described previously (4,5).…”

Section: Reagents and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifier and Surfactant Dependence of Gallium Extraction by Alkanoyl Oxinates from Basic Solutions

Apak

1996

Separation Science and Technology

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The recently developed method of Ga extraction from basic aluminate solution (pH 13) using an alkanoyl oxine, i.e., myristoyl (M.Ox), palmitoyl (P.Ox), and stearoyl oxine (SOX), solution in chloroform has been improved by incorporating 2-hexanone as a modifier and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant into the extraction system. 2-Hexanone synergistically enhanced the extraction rate and Ga yield as its volume percentage was increased from 5 to 20% in the organic phase. Other oxygen-donor modifiers such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and I-hexanol, were not as effective as 2-hexanone. By using 10% (by volume) of 2-hexanone in chloroform solution, the order of Ga extraction efficiency for alkanoyl oxinates was M.Ox > P.0x > S O X , i.e., extraction increased with decreasing length of the dkyl group of oxine. The ketone-added system showed satisfactory aluminum tolerance at pH 13, and enabled the shifting of the extraction pH to slightly higher values, which is beneficial for the process economies of Ga recovery from Bayer aluminate liquor. Use of CTAB as a cationic surfactant reduced the equilibration time and increased the Ga yield; the most pronounced effect occurred around its critical micelle concentration, indicative of micellar catalysis via interfacial mechanisms.

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“…At the same time, oxine and oxine-type chelating group bearing resins are selective toward Cr(III) ions and do not retain Cr(VI) ions [7,8]. In previous studies, 5-palmitoyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (POx) [14,15] functionalized Amberlite XAD-2 chelating resin column was used to separate Ga from Al in strongly the alkaline aluminate liquor from the Bayer process for alumina manufacture [16], and for the speciation analysis of Ga(III) [17]. Immobilization of the ligand (palmitoyl oxine) on the resin was achieved by chloromethylation of the XAD-copolymer followed by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the oxine derivative with this chloromethylated intermediate [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation analysis of chromium by separation on a 5-palmitoyl oxine-functionalized XAD-2 resin and spectrophotometric determination with diphenylcarbazide

Filik

Doğutan

Apak

2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The method developed in this work for the separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) is based on its retention by an Amberlite XAD-2 copolymer resin functionalized with 5-palmitoyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine), abbreviated XAD-POx, with the ligand covalently bound to the copolymer. Cr(III) sorption was quantitative within the pH range 4.5-7.0 and Cr(VI) was not retained. The Cr(III) held by the resin column was eluted with a hot solution of H(2)O(2) in pH>or=9.0 aqueous NH(3)-NH(4)Cl buffer, and Cr oxidized to CrO(4)(2-) was rejected by the chelating cation-exchanger column. Any Cr(VI) originally present with Cr(III) could be reduced with an acidic solution of H(2)O(2), and retained by the column yielding total Cr results, Cr(VI) being determined from the difference. The resin showed a maximal preconcentration factor of 60 for Cr(III), the LOD and LOQ being 9.3 and 30.1 nmol L(-1), respectively. The developed preconcentration-speciation analysis was finished with a diphenylcarbazide (DPC) spectrophotometric procedure suitable for conventional laboratories. The resin showed excellent salt tolerance, enabling Cr analysis in seawater, and was stable over extended use. All the interferents of this procedure that normally occur in an electroplating effluent, a blended coal CRM, and a standard steel sample could be removed by the recommended procedure, by use of partial and total selectivity at the adsorption and desorption stages, respectively, enabling preconcentration and colorimetric determination of chromium in various complex matrices.

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Solvent Extraction of Gallium (III) from Basic Sodium Aluminate Solution by Alkanoyl Oxines

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Separation and Preconcentration of Gallium(III), Indium(III), and Thallium(III) Using New Hydrazone-modified Resin

Separation and Preconcentration of Gallium(III), Indium(III), and Thallium(III) Using New Hydrazone-modified Resin

Modifier and Surfactant Dependence of Gallium Extraction by Alkanoyl Oxinates from Basic Solutions

Speciation analysis of chromium by separation on a 5-palmitoyl oxine-functionalized XAD-2 resin and spectrophotometric determination with diphenylcarbazide

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