Solvent extraction of phosphorus from Si-Cu refining system with calcium addition

Huang, Liuqing; Danaei, Abdolkarim; Thomas, Sridevi; Xing, Pengfei; Li, Jintang; Luo, Xuetao; Barati, Mansoor

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.087

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The segregation coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of the impurity in the solid silicon to the concentration of the impurity in liquid phase. Several metals such as Al, [9][10][11] Sn, 12,13 , Cu, 14,15 , Zn, 16 and Fe [17][18][19][20] have been used for solvent refining of silicon. It has been shown that solvent refining with Al at 900°C lowers the segregation ratio of P to 0.061.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 It has been shown that the addition of 5% Ca in Si-50 wt.% Cu alloy increases P removal from 27% to 82%. 15 Using Cu is beneficial for lowering the melting temperature of alloy. 24,25 In the current study, Fe was chosen as the solvent because of its availability, reasonable cost, high density gap with Si, low solubility in Si (0.018 ppmw at 1000°C) and small segregation coefficient in Si (8 9 10 À6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

Taposhe

Khajavi

2021

JOM

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A combination of slag and solvent refining methods was used to remove phosphorus from silicon. The CaO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2-Na 2 O quaternary system was selected as the slag to eliminate phosphorus from Si-20 wt.% Fe alloy at 1300°C. The partition ratio of phosphorus (L P) at various slag compositions was obtained to investigate the effect of basicity (CaO/SiO 2), oxygen potential (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3) and Na 2 O content of the slag. The maximum value for L P was 1.19 at CaO/SiO 2 of 1.36, SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 of 1.56 and the addition of 10 wt.% of Na 2 O. The critical partial pressure of oxygen for maximum phosphorus removal was estimated at 1.8 9 10 À22 atm. The normalized distribution and phosphate capacity were evaluated to clarify the effect of basicity. Corrected optical basicity and NBO/T were determined to consider the effect of the cations in the complex silicate structures and investigate the effect of the degree of depolymerization on the efficiency of phosphorus removal from silicon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

Taposhe

Khajavi

2021

JOM

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“…25,26 It is well-known that metallurgicalgrade silicon (MG-Si) is a low-grade silicon source with the characterization of large production and a cheaper price, which is widely used as a raw material to produce solar-grade silicon in the industry. 27 On the other hand, the metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method has been widely studied to prepare porous silicon structures or silicon nanowires for texturing silicon wafer surfaces because of its advantages of convenience, low cost, and microstructure controllability. 28−30 In order to obtain high-quality porous structures, the MACE process usually needs to be carried out with an acid wash step to clean the deposited metallic nanoparticles in pore channels.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in order to simultaneously enhance the electrochemical performance and reduce the cost of Si anodes, more efforts should focus on the cost-effective silicon source selection, proper Si-based structure construction, and feasible preparation method. , It is well-known that metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si) is a low-grade silicon source with the characterization of large production and a cheaper price, which is widely used as a raw material to produce solar-grade silicon in the industry . On the other hand, the metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method has been widely studied to prepare porous silicon structures or silicon nanowires for texturing silicon wafer surfaces because of its advantages of convenience, low cost, and microstructure controllability. − In order to obtain high-quality porous structures, the MACE process usually needs to be carried out with an acid wash step to clean the deposited metallic nanoparticles in pore channels. − If the MACE process were controlled by the appropriate metallic nucleation and contain them in pore channels, it can be predicted that the electrical conductivity of the Si-based composites would be greatly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Porous Silicon/Nanosilver Anodes from Industrial Low-Grade Silicon for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhang

Wan

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Silicon (Si) has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials owing to its huge theoretical specific capacity of 4200 mA h g–1. However, the practical application of Si anodes in commercial LIBs is facing challenges because of the lack of scalable and cost-effective methods to prepare Si-based anode materials with proper microstructure and competitive electrochemical performances. Herein, we report a facile and scalable method to produce multidimensional porous silicon embedded with a nanosilver particle (pSi/Ag) composite from commercially available low-cost metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si) powder. The unique hybrid structure contributes to fast electronic transport and relieves volume change of silicon during the charge–discharge process. The pSi/Ag composite exhibits a large initial discharge capacity (3095 mA h g–1 at a high current of 1 A g–1), an excellent cycling performance (1930 mA h g–1 at 1 A g–1 after 50 cycles), and outstanding rate capacities (up to 1778 mA h g–1 at a higher current of 2 A g–1). After the samples are modified by reduced graphene oxide, the capacities of the pSi/Ag@RGO composite electrode can still be maintained over 1000 mA h g–1 after 200 cycles. This study provides a simple and effective strategy for production of high-performance anode materials.

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“…Even though it has been theoretically and experimentally confirmed that P tends to segregate along Si grain boundaries, its segregation coefficient ( k p = 0.35) is still relatively high compared to metallic impurities, which is usually less than 10 –3 . To further improve the extraction efficiency of P and other impurities, considerable attention has been paid to redistribute impurities by adding alloying elements as impurity getters such as calcium (Ca), − magnesium (Mg), − titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), − copper (Cu), − tin (Sn), , iron (Fe), − and nickel (Ni) . The widely known solvent refining usually involves alloying by Al, Sn, Cu, and Fe with a large amount of metal addition (around or more than 50 wt %).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Silicon Purification by Alloying–Leaching Refining: A Comparative Study of Mg–Si, Ca–Si, and Ca–Mg–Si Systems

Zhu

Yue

Tang

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In the present work, a comparative study of the silicon alloying–leaching purification process was carried out on the recently developed Mg–Si system, the Ca–Si system, and the novel ternary Ca–Mg–Si system. Insights were provided into the integrated process from aspects of thermodynamic assessment, microstructural analysis, experimental observation, computational simulation, and analytical modeling. The main silicide precipitates of the three Mg–Si, Ca–Si, and Ca–Mg–Si alloys studied were determined as Mg2Si, CaSi2, and ternary Ca7Mg7.5±δSi14, respectively. Other metallic impurities were found to form complex silicides embedded inside the main precipitate, where P also segregated and precipitated according to the interaction with the alloying elements. All of the impurities were further carried away with the removal of the main precipitates through the subsequent leaching process. It was found that the ternary Ca–Mg–Si alloy exhibits a cleaner leaching process due to the unique crystal structure of Ca7Mg7.5±δSi14. A novel cracking–shrinking principle-based kinetics model was developed to further describe the impurity removal process. The segregation behavior of P was also modeled through a thermodynamic approach and Ca was found to have stronger P affinity compared to Mg. It was finally concluded that the novel Ca–Mg–Si ternary alloy system exhibited better performance overall as compared to the other two binary alloys.

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Solvent extraction of phosphorus from Si-Cu refining system with calcium addition

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

Removal of Phosphorus from Si-Fe Alloy by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O Slag Refining

High-Performance Porous Silicon/Nanosilver Anodes from Industrial Low-Grade Silicon for Lithium-Ion Batteries

New Insights into Silicon Purification by Alloying–Leaching Refining: A Comparative Study of Mg–Si, Ca–Si, and Ca–Mg–Si Systems

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