Solvent extraction of scandium(III), yttrium(III), lanthanum(III) and gadolinium(III) using Cyanex 302 in heptane from hydrochloric acid solutions

Studies on the synergistic extraction of rare earths with a combination of 2‐ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester and trialkylphosphine oxide

“…In addition, experiments indicate that there is no Cl − in the extracted species. A similar result for the extraction of Gd 3+ from hydrochloric acid has also been reported 16. Hence the synergistic extraction of Gd 3+ can be written as …”

Combination of size selective binding ability of 18-crown-6 dissolved in aqueous phase and extractive properties of an amic acid; toward enhancement of rare earths separation

“…A survey on the reported studies confirms that in much of the works concerning on the liquid-liquid extraction of rare earths, organophosphorus compounds such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid, 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acidmono-2-ethylhexyl ester, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid, bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid, alkylated phosphine oxides and their mixtures [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], have been extensively applied as extractant. Although these compounds are known as efficient extractants for rare earth ions, they suffer from incombustibility and they leave phosphorus residues, which are known as environmental menace.…”

Solid–liquid extraction of heavy rare-earths from phosphoric acid solutions using Tulsion CH-96 and T-PAR resins

“…Solvent extraction and ion exchange are the common methods used for the recovery and removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Literature review reveals that much of work has been done on solvent extraction of rare-earths employing organophosphorus reagents such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC 88A), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302), bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301), alkylated phosphine oxides (Cyanex 921, Cyanex 923, Cyanex 925) and their mixtures [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] from chloride and nitrate media.…”