Solvent-Free Synthesis of Modified Pectin Compounds Promoted by Microwave Irradiation

Calce, Enrica; Bugatti, Valeria; Vittoria, Vittoria; Luca, Stefania De

doi:10.3390/molecules171012234

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Pectin showed endothermic peaks at 66.5, 244.5, 306.8 and 350.2°C ( Figure 6D ). 54 The DSC curve of guar gum ( Figure 6E ) showed a melting endotherm at 239.5°C which indicates its crystalline nature. 55 Another broad endothermic peak appeared at 80°C corresponding to the hydrophilic groups O-H group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

<p>Quality by Design Approach for Preparation of Zolmitriptan/Chitosan Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Particles – Formulation and Pharmacodynamic Assessment</p>

Awadeen¹,

Boughdady²,

Meshali³

2020

IJN

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Purpose Zolmitriptan (ZT) is a selective serotonin agonist that is used for the treatment of migraine. It belongs to BCS class III with high solubility and low permeability. Besides, the drug is subjected to pre-systemic metabolism. Accordingly, new Zolmitriptan/chitosan nanostructured lipid carriers (ZT/CT NLCs) coated with Tween 80 (stealthy layer) have been developed to overcome such demerits. Methods The NLCs were developed by combining ultrasonication and double emulsion (w/o/w) techniques. The lipids were Gelucire and Labrasol. Herein, the quality by design (2 3 full factorial design) was scrupulously followed, where critical process parameters and critical quality attributes were predefined. The optimized formulation (F8) was fully characterized with respect to entrapment efficiency (%EE), percentage yield (% yield), particle size, size distribution (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), morphological appearance (TEM). In vitro release, stability study and pharmacodynamic evaluations were also assessed. The optimized freeze dried formula was dispensed in in situ gelling hard gelatin capsule encompassing pectin and guar gum for further in vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluations. Results The optimized spherical nanoparticles experienced high percentage EE and yield (78.14% and 60.19%, respectively), low particle size and PDI (343.87 nm and 0.209, respectively), as well as high negative ZP (−25.5 mV). It showed good physical stability at refrigerated conditions. The NLCs dispensed in in situ gelling hard gelatin capsule comprising pectin and guar gum experienced sustained release for 30 h and significantly maintained the pharmacological effect in mice up to 8 h (p < 0.001). Conclusion ZT, a BCS class III drug that suffers from poor permeability and pre-systemic metabolism, was successfully maneuvered as nanostructured lipid carrier particles (NLCs). The incorporation of the NLCs in in situ gelling hard gelatin capsules fulfilled a dual function in increasing permeability, as well as sustaining the pharmacodynamic effect. This result would open new vistas in improving the efficacy of other class III drugs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

<p>Quality by Design Approach for Preparation of Zolmitriptan/Chitosan Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Particles – Formulation and Pharmacodynamic Assessment</p>

Awadeen¹,

Boughdady²,

Meshali³

2020

IJN

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“…Entrapment efficiency was expressed as the percentage of drug entrapped in these prepared pectin-gelatin polyelectrolyte complex compared to the initial amount of the drug included in the formulation of all the samples, PG-1a (1:1 ratio of pectin and gelatin with 1ml of cross linker added) showed maximum drug encapsulation efficiency and hence this composition was chosen for drug release study. corresponds to oxidation region [13]. In case of the modified pectin (Fig.…”

Section: Uv-visible Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Untitled

2017

RJLBPCS

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ABSTRACT:A natural Pectin based formulation of Metronidazole for colon specific drug delivery is reported. The pectin was chemically modified to make it suitable for use as a pH sensitive matrix for colon targeted delivery of drugs. The formation of the modified polymer preparation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal studies (TGA). The average particle size was found to be 43.53±12.17 µm. The drug encapsulation efficiency was found to vary between 23.44±1.83% and 45.61±0.56%. The in vitro drug release studies from these metronidazole-loaded formulations were carried out which showed no significant release of the drug at gastric pH. However, at colonic pH, sustained release of the drug was observed. Thus Metronidazole, which is soluble in gastric pH, can be specifically delivered at colon avoiding its release in the stomach. The in vitro drug release studies carried out at different time intervals, different drug content and at different pH values indicate the potentiality of the formulation as a colon specific drug delivery agent.

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“…In this temperature range, it has been reported that the degradation is primarily derived from pyrolytic decomposition. It consists in a primary and secondary decarboxylation involving the acid side group and a carbon in the ring [59]. Moreover, the hydrolysis produces an increase in the evaporation temperature, going from 80°C for commercial pectin to higher values for all the hydrolyzed pectins.…”

Section: Process In This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second degradation stage was very similar for either the pure or the modified pectin samples, although a slightly lower mass loss and a lower midpoint temperature were observed for the modified samples. The third stage, due to oxidative reactions, was postponed, particularly for linoleic residues, as expected for the oxygen scavenging effect of the double bonds [59]. To know more about different thermogravimetric studies of pectins with other compounds, the following references [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] can be read.…”

Section: Process In This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Characterization of Pectins From Peels of Criolla Oranges (Citrus sinensis): Experimental Reviews

Ruano¹,

Delgado²,

Picco³

et al. 2020

Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications

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The citriculture in the international field is important not only for its nutrient and vitamin characteristics but also for its valuable source of raw materials to obtain pectin, since it was found in the internal and external parts of the citrus peel. In our country, there are several varieties of orange, from which you can obtain byproducts other than juice, such as essential oils, fertilizers, concentrates, and pectin. Pectin has different uses in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of suspensions, emulsions, cosmetics, capsules, etc. In the food industry, it is used as a film in packaging, thickener, and gelling agent in the manufacture of jellies and preserves, in wines as dehydrating plant tissues, in milk to precipitate casein, etc. The pectin extraction was carried out by basic or acid hydrolysis and then proceeds to purify and clarify. Once purified, the pectin was characterized in aqueous solution to determine its physicochemical properties such as molecular weight, hydrodynamic radius, hydration value, shape factor, etc. Thermal and mechanical characterizations were also performed, to assess its ability to form films.

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Solvent-Free Synthesis of Modified Pectin Compounds Promoted by Microwave Irradiation

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

<p>Quality by Design Approach for Preparation of Zolmitriptan/Chitosan Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Particles – Formulation and Pharmacodynamic Assessment</p>

<p>Quality by Design Approach for Preparation of Zolmitriptan/Chitosan Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Particles – Formulation and Pharmacodynamic Assessment</p>

Untitled

Extraction and Characterization of Pectins From Peels of Criolla Oranges (Citrus sinensis): Experimental Reviews

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