Solvent optimization and characterization of fatty acid profile and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Turkish Pistacia terebinthus L. extracts

Abstract

The present study investigated 12 different Pistacia terebinthus L. (terebinth) fruits, harvested or purchased in Turkey, for fatty acid composition, radical scavenging, antimicrobial activity, and total phenolic content. Solvent optimization for the samples was prepared by using a simplex lattice mixture design prior to the analysis. The optimum solvent mixture was 39% water and 61% acetone, based on the maximization of extraction yield of phenolic compounds. Total phenolic contents (TPCs) of the extracts varied from 12,189 mg GAE/1000 g extract to 36,392 mg GAE/1000 g extract. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the extracts varied over a wide range (8.86%-64.43%) and were highly correlated with TPCs. Agar diffusion was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the terebinth extracts against 2 gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and 2 gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium) bacteria. L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were more susceptible to the extracts than E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus. Considering the fatty acid composition of the extracts, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were the dominant saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirmed the terebinth fruits' strong bioactive and antimicrobial properties and established their fatty acid profiles, indicating their potential for a variety of applications.

Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds

“…In the present study, distilled water was used for extraction, which allowed to obtain a high content of phenolic compounds in extracts that had high antioxidant potential, although water is not the most effective solvent. As many authors have shown earlier for vegetable raw materials, such as Pistacia terebinthus L. or Limnophila aromatica, methanol and acetone are much more effective solvents, allowing obtaining extracts with higher antioxidant potential and a higher concentration of bioactive compounds [24]. However, evaluation of the efficiency of water extraction allows us to determine, from the point of view of practical application, whether raw materials could be components of functional products in the future, i.e., infusions, beverages, smoothies or yogurts [25].…”

Effect of Stand-Alone and Combined Ultraviolet and Ultrasound Treatments on Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics of Pomegranate Juice

“…The antiradical activity was determined by a method described by Durak and Ucak [31]. This method determines the free radical scavenging activity of pomegranate juice.…”

Determination of Sugar, Total Phenol contents-and Antioxidant Activity of various parts ‘Uzun’ pistachio cultivar (Pistacia vera L.)

“…Hosseinzadeh et al, (2012) found similar results in studies showing the antioxidant activity on pistachio. However, in previous studies in different pistachio species that Polat (2016), Durak and Ucak (2015), Azadpour et al, (2015) and Rezai et al, (2015) reported different results from the study that antioxidant activity in the different parts in pistachio 31,42 to 90.96%, 64.4%, 21.1% and 23.02 % respectively.…”