Solvent–Solvent Cooling Crystallization: An Effective Method to Control the Morphology and Size of Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals

Abstract

Controlling ammonium perchlorate crystals with desired properties is still a challenge in industrial crystallization. In this work, two different cooling crystallization methods, namely solvent–solvent cooling crystallization and batch cooling crystallization, are compared to prepare ammonium perchlorate crystals with tunable shapes and sizes. The influences of crystallization parameters such as cooling pattern, cooling rate, stirring rate, feed rate, and solution concentration on the morphology and size of ammonium perchlorate particles are studied. The results indicate that solvent–solvent cooling crystallization makes it easier to control the supersaturation of the crystallization system than bath cooling crystallization, resulting in a more uniform morphology of the ammonium perchlorate crystals prepared by the solvent–solvent cooling crystallization. In addition, by adjusting the crystallization conditions, the shape of ammonium perchlorate crystals can be tailored as long rectangle, tabular, spherical, platy, bipyramid, and high‐index faced polyhedron shaped, the mean size of which can be controlled from 43.9 to 191.9 µm. Moreover, the proposed crystallization method provides a promising strategy for the continuous production of ammonium perchlorate crystals in industry; it is also a reference for the crystallization of other materials in crystal engineering.

Thermodynamics, Solubility, and Crystallization of 1,5-Pentylenediamine Hydrochloride in Mixed Solvent Systems

“…Crystallization separation is a key step in the production process for removing impurities and controlling the product quality. Common crystallization methods include reaction, antisolvent, cooling, evaporation, and melt crystallization. Most chemical products or intermediates exist in a crystalline form, and crystallization is used to produce a wide variety of chemical, pharmaceutical, and food products .…”

Construction of Hydrophobic Ammonium Perchlorate with Synergistic Catalytic Effect Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembly for Synchronously Catalyzing the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate and the Combustion of Aluminum

“…Over the past few decades, there have been many studies on improving the hygroscopicity of AP. − Coating different substances on the surface of AP can improve the interfacial properties of AP and reduce the hygroscopicity of AP. For example, waxes, carbon materials, and some polymers were applied to the surface of AP, but the hygroscopicity of these coated APs was not significantly improved. − F-element-containing organic substances are usually widely used in the modification of material surface interfaces due to the strong hydrophobic properties of F atoms. − The hygroscopicity of AP is expected to be solved by introducing fluorine-containing organic materials onto the surface layer of AP. However, there are relatively few studies on the modification of organic fluorine-containing compounds for AP surface interfaces, especially those that can catalyze the thermal decomposition of AP simultaneously.…”

Design, preparation, and combustion performance of energetic catalysts based on transition metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Fe2+) and 3-aminofurazan-4-carboxylic acid

“… 7 The mass content of AP in solid propellants is usually as high as 60% to 90%. 8 Therefore, the development of catalysts to accelerate the thermal decomposition of AP is of great significance for improving the combustion and ballistic performance of composite solid propellant.…”