Solvent Vapor/Gas-Induced Guest Transport and Exchange of a Nonporous Organic Crystal to Construct Smart Host–Guest Energetic Materials

Abstract

Supramolecular materials with advanced properties constructed by intermolecular interactions have attracted extensive attention in many fields, such as sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine. However, in the field of energetic materials, limited by the tight-packed crystal structure of explosives and the strong intermolecular interaction forces, most supramolecular explosives can only be obtained in organic solution or under extreme external loading (high temperature/ high pressure). Given the practical issues such as safety risks, operational difficulties, serious environmental pollution, and large-scale production of the existing technology, a new method of constructing host−guest explosives by solvent vapor/gas induction is proposed. This gas−solid reaction method takes advantage of the metastable properties from the explosives solvate (HNIW/ACN), and cleverly opens a fast channel for gas molecules to enter the explosives cell cavities, which results in the highly efficient preparation of the host−guest explosives (HNIW/CO 2 and HNIW/N 2 O). The embedding of functional gas molecules greatly improves the structural stability and comprehensive performance of the explosive skeleton, and the detonation velocity of HNIW/N 2 O even reaches 9802 m•s −1 , which is higher than that of ε-HNIW (9455 m•s −1 ). In addition, compared with ε-HNIW, HNIW/CO 2 and HNIW/N 2 O exhibit high energy but low sensitivity, enhanced thermal stability, and combustion properties, which present a potential prospect in the field of energetic materials. The new method effectively overcomes the high-energy barrier of nonporous organic explosives, offering the advantages of simplicity, safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness. This study provides a valuable pathway for constructing advanced supramolecular energetic materials, which contributes to the enrichment of supramolecular engineering systems.