Solving and Creating Raven Progressive Matrices: Reasoning in Well- and Ill-Defined Problem Spaces

Abstract

Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Intelligence in creative processes: An EEG study

“…EEG/ERP designs are an appropriate method to gain insight in the temporal evolution of cognitive processes (Srinivasan, 2007). Within a neurocognitive approach, we expect to confirm the findings of Jaarsveld et al (2010Jaarsveld et al ( , 2012. These authors showed that, unlike the classical approach where intelligence is studied in defined problem spaces, the application of intelligence related abilities can be reliably studied in ill-defined problem spaces.…”

“…Research has shown that the process invoked by the Creative Reasoning Test (CRT) is indeed a process evolving in an ill-defined problem space activating creative ideation. Intelligence related abilities yielded responses that differed quantitatively and qualitatively between the welldefined Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM) and the ill-defined CRT (Jaarsveld et al, 2010). The CRT represents an ill-defined problem space because of the underspecified nature of its constraints and the underspecified methods of realizing the end product.…”

“…We used the Creative Reasoning Task (CRT, Jaarsveld et al, 2010Jaarsveld et al, , 2012 in which participants are asked to create a 3 × 3 matrix containing self-generated logical relationships among similarly self-generated geometrical components. For this study we adapted the instructions and the test form (see Fig.…”

“…In this work we studied intelligence operating in open problem space using a test for Creative Reasoning (CRT, Jaarsveld et al, 2010). The task is not, however, to generate a multitude of ideas on simple or incomplete information within this open problem space, but to produce a well-defined problem.…”

“…Cognitive abilities that yield this latter variable can only be scored when tests present problems that ask for original and appropriate solutions, such as preventing a fire from spreading (Kanazawa, 2004, in Jung, 2014 or inventing a Raven-like matrix (Jaarsveld, Lachmann, Hamel, & van Leeuwen, 2010). Solving such problems require creative reasoning, which is defined as cognition applying reasoning abilities in ill-defined problem spaces, yielding a thinking process in which intelligent and creative abilities play complementary roles (Jaarsveld, Lachmann, & van Leeuwen, 2013, Jaarsveld et al, 2010. This mechanism evolved when human survival depended on finding effective solutions to both common and novel problem situations (Jung, 2014).…”