“…Enhancing and integrating technology (Huang et al, 2004;DeLorenzo et al, 2005), regulating rules (Gordon and Young, 2015) and optimizing routing-and scheduling decisions are various approaches that may improve transportation safety and security. Hazmat routing and routing-scheduling problems have a fairly rich literature (refer to Huang et al, 2004;Bell, 2006;Carotenuto et al, 2007a;Bersani et al, 2010;Kazantzi et al, 2011;Li and Leung, 2011;Xiang et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013;Kang et al, 2014;Mahmoudabadi and Seyedhosseini, 2014;Mishra et al, 2014;Rahman et al, 2014;Pamučar et al, 2016;Sahnoon et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2016;Bula et al, 2017;Özceylan et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017;Yuan et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2018). Since the focus of this research is on hazmat routing-scheduling, in the upcoming subsections we only focus on hazmat routing-scheduling research studies and exclude pure hazmat routing research studies.…”