Novel monodisperse BaCeF 5 and BaCeF 5 : Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized by a simple one-step solvothermal synthesis. Uniformly distributed nanocrystals with an octahedral morphology and particle size of 75−80 nm were observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and decay studies were employed to characterize the samples. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the BaCeF 5 : Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ samples exhibit the typical green emission band of the Tb 3+ ions, as well as an orangered and red emission bands of the Sm 3+ ions in the presence of Ce 3+ ions. The highly intense orange-red and red emission bands of the Sm 3+ ions were attributed to the effective energy transfer from the Tb 3+ to Sm 3+ ions, which has been justified through the luminescence spectra and the fluorescence decay dynamics. The luminescence colors of BaCeF 5 : Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ nanophosphors can be easily tuned by changing the concentration of Sm 3+ ions. These results suggest that BaCeF 5 : Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ nanocrystals can be explored for three-dimensional displays, back lighting, white light sources, and so on.