Solvothermal Synthesis of M-doped TiO₂Nanoparticles for Sonocatalysis of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange (M = Cd, Ag, Fe, Ce, and Cu)

Abstract

M‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol–gel‐assisted solvothermal method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) were used to characterize the as‐synthesized samples. The sonocatalytic performance of the specimens for methylene blue and methyl orange degradation was evaluated. XRD confirmed the formation of anatase as the unique phase in all samples. TEM showed that Cd, Cu, and Ce led to increased particle size in comparison to TiO2 nanoparticles, whereas Fe and Ag had no considerable influence on this parameter. DRS confirmed the change in the absorption edge, and E g values decreased in the range 4.6–1.2% by Cd, Ce, Fe, Cu, and Ag doping, respectively. Among the different dopants, only Cd and Ag improved the absorbance of UV–visible light, and only these samples induced sonodegradation of the dye models. It can be concluded that the improvement in the dye removal efficiency is not related to an increase in the crystallinity and/or a decrease in E g, but only related to the increase in absorbance.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Remazol Yellow FG using TiO2 doped Cd, Co, Mn

“…Be-sides that, diffraction patterns of TiO2 and TiO2-M (Cd, Co, Mn) show higher calcination temperature leading to a higher and sharp peak, because higher calcination temperature affects the development of the formed crystal and affect the crystallinity of TiO2 as reported by Behnajady et al [22]. The resulting diffraction pattern matches the standard, but the peak pattern shows a slight shift due to the doping effect [23]. Crystalinity is also can be affected by radius of ion metal.…”

Sonocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by MoS2-RGO Nanocomposites

“…Catalytic ozonation has the shortcoming of the low half-life period of ozone. Among them, sonocatalysis method has excellent advantages in dye removal applications due to the ultrasonic waves spread in any water medium [12][13][14].…”

Crystal Growth, Optical Properties, and Photocatalytic Performances of ZnO‐CuAl2O4 Hybrid Compounds: Theoretical and Experimental Studies

“…Furthermore, some innovative methods have been suggested, from utilizing an advanced oxidation process driven by pulsed light [15] to using parallel electrodes. [16] Another way to tackle this problem is doping metallic ions into oxide materials to facilitate dye degradation, [17,18] and designing composites or hybrid materials to increase the adsorption and degradation performance of azo dyes. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] One of the most interesting structures is the oxide spinel due to its unique crystal structure.…”