Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis in Avocado

Sánchez-Romero, Carolina; Márquez-Martín, Belén; Pliego‐Alfaro, Fernando

doi:10.1007/7089_026

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is in contrast to the low plantlet conversion frequencies of secondary embryos in other species (Raemakers et al 1995) and, in particular, compared favorably with the results reported for other members of the Lauraceae family (Mooney and Van Staden 1987;Pliego-Alfaro and Murashige 1988;Catarina et al 2005;Sánchez-Romero et al 2005). The regeneration frequencies among the four different embryogenic lines which had no significant differences suggested that the protocol for embryo maturation and germination was feasible to achieve regeneration for different genotypes of embryos in C. camphora.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Those that have been regenerated include P. americana (Mooney and Van Staden 1987;Pliego-Alfaro and Murashige 1988;Sánchez-Romero et al 2005), Laurus nobilis (Canhoto et al 1999), and Ocotea catharinensis (Catarina et al 2004(Catarina et al , 2005. In C. camphora, plant regeneration has been achieved from protoplasts, originally isolated from an embryogenic suspension culture, in which 17.5% of the protoplast-derived embryos produced plantlets (Du and Bao 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.)

Shi

Dai

et al. 2010

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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An efficient protocol for secondary somatic embryogenesis in camphor tree is reported. Secondary somatic embryos (SSEs), initially obtained from the primary embryos of a nascent embryogenic culture in 2002, were proliferated and maintained for more than 4 yr via cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis. Throughout this period, the embryo populations retained a high level of competence for plant regeneration. SSEs were produced on the surfaces of the cotyledons and radicular ends of maternal somatic embryos (MSEs). Histological observations of the various stages of secondary embryo development revealed four typical stages, namely, globular, heartshaped, torpedo, and cotyledonary. The process of secondary embryogenesis continued in a cyclic way, with each newly formed embryo producing a subsequent generation of secondary embryos. In order to progress developmentally beyond proliferation cycles, cotyledonary embryos from one of embryogenic lines (L14) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.1-3.0 mg l −1 abscisic acid (ABA) or 0.05-1.0 mg l −1 thidiazuron (TDZ) in darkness for 2 mo to achieve maturation. Matured embryos were then transferred to MS-based germination medium containing either 0.1 mg l −1 TDZ, 0.2 mg l −1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.5 mg l −1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or 0.1 mg l −1 TDZ and 0.2 mg l −1 IBA and were cultured in light for germination. Over 50% of embryos matured in the presence of 0.5 mg l −1 ABA were able to germinate with shoots and poor root system. Frequencies of embryos germinating normal shoots among different genotypes did not change significantly. A total of 93% of the shoots from the germinated embryos converted to plantlets on half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg l −1 IBA by 3 wk. Plantlets acclimatized successfully to ex vitro conditions and developed as field-grown plants with normal appearance.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.)

Shi

Dai

et al. 2010

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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“…The ability of trees to be vegetatively propagated decreases with increasing age, and mature trees have a low capacity to be cloned by SE. In spite of this impediment, SE has been induced from tissues of several adult tree species including avocado (Sánchez-Romero et al 2006), coffee (Etienne 2005), cork oak (Toribio et al 2005), litchi (Rajarjo and Litz 2007) and more recently 10-year-old spruce (Klimaszewska et al 2011). The low embryogenic potential of various explants from mature trees…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Somatic embryogenesis induction system for cloning an adult Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (tamarillo)

Correia

Lopes

Canhoto

2011

Trees

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Somatic embryogenesis is a valuable tool for plant breeding. In recent years, different aspects related to somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction in tamarillo have been studied at our laboratory. In this work, results concerning the establishment of a protocol for cloning an adult tamarillo tree through SE are presented. Attempts to induce SE in tamarillo from various explants directly taken from an adult tree were unsuccessful and only calli with no embryogenic potential were initiated. To overcome the lack of potential of adult tissues for SE, an indirect approach was attempted in which shoots from an adult tree were first established in vitro and then wounded leaves were used for SE induction. A low rate of embryogenic tissue formation was obtained (19.4%), but it was in the range of initiation rates from leaf explants of in vitro cloned plantlets of different tamarillo cultivars (red, orange and yellow) that originated from a single seedling (13.3-54.4%). High variation in SE initiation among juvenile controls could not be explained by different organogenetic potential, as no significant differences in shoot proliferation or rooting ability during micropropagation could be detected. Subcultures of embryogenic lines from the adult tree allowed us to obtain a large amount of embryogenic tissue that, after 8 weeks on a PGR-free medium, gave an average of 111 plants per gram of fresh mass of embryogenic tissue. A RAPD comparative analysis of somatic embryo-derived plantlets and the donor tree confirmed that the plantlets had no variation in the DNA regions amplified by 12 primers. These results open the way for large-scale cloning of elite tamarillo trees through SE.

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“…Although somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been studied for several decades and considerable effort has been invested in establishing an efficient in vitro propagation system for avocado, the efficiency of somatic embryo conversion into plants remains low to non-existent [ 2 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. It has been assumed that this is primarily due to a failure of somatic embryos to mature [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Attempts to improve the maturation of avocado somatic embryos using culture media components have failed [ 9 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylpropanoids Are Connected to Cell Wall Fortification and Stress Tolerance in Avocado Somatic Embryogenesis

Olivares-García

Mata-Rosas

Peña-Montes

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a valuable model for understanding the mechanism of plant embryogenesis and a tool for the mass production of plants. However, establishing SE in avocado has been complicated due to the very low efficiency of embryo induction and plant regeneration. To understand the molecular foundation of the SE induction and development in avocado, we compared embryogenic (EC) and non-embryogenic (NEC) cultures of two avocado varieties using proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Although Criollo and Hass EC exhibited similarities in the proteome and metabolome profile, in general, we observed a more active phenylpropanoid pathway in EC than NEC. This pathway is associated with the tolerance of stress responses, probably through the reinforcement of the cell wall and flavonoid production. We could corroborate that particular polyphenolics compounds, including p-coumaric acid and t-ferulic acid, stimulated the production of somatic embryos in avocado. Exogen phenolic compounds were associated with the modification of the content of endogenous polyphenolic and the induction of the production of the putative auxin-a, adenosine, cellulose and 1,26-hexacosanediol-diferulate. We suggest that in EC of avocado, there is an enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism for the production of the building blocks of lignin and flavonoid compounds having a role in cell wall reinforcement for tolerating stress response. Data are available at ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019705.

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Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis in Avocado

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.)

Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.)

Somatic embryogenesis induction system for cloning an adult Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (tamarillo)

Phenylpropanoids Are Connected to Cell Wall Fortification and Stress Tolerance in Avocado Somatic Embryogenesis

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