Somatic diseases in patients with schizophrenia in general practice: their prevalence and health care

Oud, Marian; Jong, Betty Meyboom-de

doi:10.1186/1471-2296-10-32

Cited by 114 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Schizophrenia patients have a higher chance (prevalence of 36%) of developing metabolic syndrome, even without antipsychotic medication [5]. Not only diabetes mellitus but multiple risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are significantly increased in this patient group [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Increased Oxidant Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Yeğin¹,

Ay²,

Aydın³

et al. 2012

IJCM

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Background: Several lines of evidence, including postmortem studies, suggest increased oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with schizophrenia. Alteration of oxidative stress markers has been reported in schizoprenia studies, but with inconsistent results. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) have been reported to be capable of eliciting neurocytotoxicity. On the other hand, paraoxonase (PON1), an arylesterase(ARE), plays a role in protection against oxidative modifications of LDL and is considered to be one of the antioxidant enzymes. There are no studies showing the changes in oxidative stress and inflammation together, nor the activities of PON1 and ARE in schizophrenic patients. In this study, we examined PON1, ARE activities and oxidative/anti-oxidative markers in patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 30 male chronic schizophrenic patients and 30 male healthy control subjects and examined C-reactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen, PON1, ARE and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index(OSI) in both groups. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). The related routine lipid profile parameters including HDL were also examined. Results: Patients had significantly higher CRP, fibrinogen, TOS and OSI levels; but the patients and control subjects did not differ on activities of the antioxidant enzymes PON1 and ARE. Interestingly, there were not any group differences in the lipid profile parameters except the triglyceride levels, that increased significantly in the patient group. Conclusions: In the present study, reporting the ARE activities besides the PON1 activities in schizophrenic patients for the first time, we showed that PON1 and ARE enzyme activities were not statistically different in patients with chronic schizophrenia. This study provides additional evidence of increased oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic schizophrenia, but no alterations in the antioxidant status were observed. Our results suggest that other mechanisms than the high density lipoprotein(HDL)-disfunctionality, namely decreases in PON1 or ARE enzyme activities, are more important in oxidative or antioxidative pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Schizophrenic patients have a higher risk of raised cholesterol/HDL ratio, and also smoke more often. Some risk factors are already present at the onset of the psychotic disorder [5]. Low levels of HDL are typical of the biochemical cluster defining metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Oxidant Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Yeğin¹,

Ay²,

Aydın³

et al. 2012

IJCM

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“…It could be that higher natural mortality in NSSD is due to delayed diagnosis or treatment of somatic illness. For example, individuals with schizophrenia expressed physical complaints at more serious stages of the illness (Oud and Meyboom-De Jong 2009) and despite having twice as many healthcare contacts, they were not diagnosed with ischemic heart disease, and they had elevated mortality risk due to this condition (Crump et al 2013).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do adverse perinatal events predict mortality in schizophrenia during midlife?

Rautio

Jääskeläinen

Nordström

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

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Background: We examined mortality in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and nonschizophrenic psychosis (NSSD) compared to individuals without psychosis, and whether perinatal factors predict mortality. (1.56-5.55), respectively. Among non-psychotic persons, mother's depression, smoking and low SES predicted mortality after adjustment for gender and parental psychoses (and SES), whereas among psychosis those whose father was a farmer had lower risk of mortality compared to those with high SES.Conclusions: Individuals with SSD had a higher risk of unnatural death and individuals with NSSD of natural and unnatural deaths. Perinatal factors seem to be more important predictors of mortality in individuals without psychoses than with psychoses. According to population-based long follow-up data, it is important to pay attention to somatic morbidity behind natural causes of death in psychoses and to prevent suicides in order to prevent excess mortality.

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“…Studies show that schizophrenic patients experience increased morbidity and mortality associated to an array of medical illness, which reinforces the hypothesis. 15 To respond to this problem, professionals should have a preventive perspective in terms of anticipating this complaint (which often comes late in this population). According to the study participants, health services often view people with schizophrenia as frequently under psychosis: the patient and the illness are confl ated.…”

Section: Feel That Something That Would Really Improve My Quality Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuestiones existenciales en la esquizofrenia: percepción de portadores y cuidadores

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE:To examine existential questions in the daily life of people with schizophrenia and their caregivers. METHODS:Qualitative study with focus groups. 146 people with schizophrenia (55% men) and 80 caregivers (75% women) participated. They came predominantly from primary and secondary health services of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Spain, England and Venezuela. Each group had between six and ten participants. The data was explored through a content analysis process. RESULTS:Four omnipresent existential themes were identifi ed from the discussions: the need for personal development and to fi nd meaning in life; the need to be respected and not suffer discrimination or stigma; the confl ict resulting from the loss of autonomy; the importance of understanding the illness and recognizing it as an illness. The existential questions were closely associated with objective needs, such as the lack of occupational opportunities and employment, which generally result in a life without meaning. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to develop a new type of health care in which both the consideration for the person with schizophrenia and their subjectivity are as important as biological treatment. Health promotion strategies need to combat stigma and use mechanisms of occupational inclusion.

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Somatic diseases in patients with schizophrenia in general practice: their prevalence and health care

Cited by 114 publications

References 38 publications

Increased Oxidant Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Increased Oxidant Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Do adverse perinatal events predict mortality in schizophrenia during midlife?

Cuestiones existenciales en la esquizofrenia: percepción de portadores y cuidadores

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