Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Abstract

The chapter summarizes the progress of somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation of carnation obtained during the last 40 years. Factors that determine the processes of indirect and direct somatic embryogenesis of this ornamental plant are described and discussed. The present chapter outlines the current results in the fi eld and focuses on the primary guidelines of genetic transformation of carnation. Future applications and intentions identifi ed by Bulgarian research group in this direction have also been highlighted.

Efficient Plant Regeneration via Indirect Organogenesis in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus semperflorens flore pleno) Cultivars

“…Taking into account that different carnation cultivars showed different responses to plant regeneration treatments, the optimization of efficient plant regeneration protocol would be valuable (Zia et al 2020). In the present study, we developed an efficient indirect organogenesis protocol for shoot regeneration for different standard carnation cultivars (Iantcheva 2016). The type and the concentration of PGRs are extremely important in callus induction, and they will subsequently affect the plant regeneration ability (Muhamad et al 2018).…”

“…The standard carnation species (2n = 30) with a large flower size is the most important of these, used as a cut flower around the world. Due to its excellent storage quality, a wide range of forms and colors, the ability to withstand long-distance transportation, and its remarkable ability to rehydrate after continuous shipping, this plant has special value in the flower industry (Iantcheva 2016). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ There are several obstacles for carnation hybridization breeding, including lack of viable and sufficient pollen, cross-incompatibility, chromosomal aberrations, lack of viable gametes, post-zygotic barriers at an immature stage, and embryo without endosperm (Dyaberi et al 2015).…”