Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Hypocotyl Explants of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench lpls Mutant

Abstract

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, Family Polygonaceae) is an annual pseudo-cereal crop with healing benefits. However, the genetic improvement of common buckwheat has achieved only limited success, mainly due to buckwheat’s dimorphic flowers and heteromorphic self-incompatibility. Here, we develop a useful protocol for indirect somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration from hypocotyl explants of F. esculentum. Firstly, the initial calli of hypocotyl explants were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2.0 mgL−1 2,4-D and 1.5 mgL−1 6-BA for 30 days culture, and then the yellowish white friable embryogenic calli were developed when the initial calli were transferred to fresh MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL−1 6-BA and 0.5 mgL−1 thidiazuron (TDZ)two to three times subculture at 40–60 days intervals. Subsequently, the somatic embryos were able to germinate from embryogenic callus sub-cultured on MS basal medium containing 1.0 mgL−1 6-BA and 0.5 mgL−1 TDZ with 15% potato puree for 20 days subculture. Finally, maximum mean percentage (75.75%) of somatic embryo-derived plants were obtained when the mature somatic embryos were transferred to MS basal medium without growth regulators for 40 days culture. Our result provides a useful protocol for plant regeneration and SE from hypocotyl explants of F. esculentum.

Callus Type, Growth Regulators, and Phytagel on Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis of Coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Colombia)

“…Although various works mention the morphological distinctions between compact and friable calli, only a few reports have described the anatomical features of these calli [21,57]. These reports confirm that proembryogenic masses are produced from them, which further differentiate into somatic embryos.…”

“…On the other hand, the parenchyma cells that made up the compact calli were elongated, flat, and had a certain degree of organization and compaction, which contrasts with the characteristics of the compact calli obtained in Fagopyrum esculentum in the presence of 2,4-D (2.0 mg L −1 ) and BAP (1.5 mg L −1 ). These calli had round or polyhedral cells, with large spaces between cells, inconspicuous nuclei, and some degree of compaction [57].…”

“…From these, somatic embryos were differ-entiated, as observed by other authors in embryogenic cultures of C. arabica cvs. Caturra, Catuai and Catiguá [12,24,29,57].…”

Buckwheat in Tissue Culture Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…Protocols for buckwheat regeneration from several explants such as hypocotyls [14,20,42,46,47,[54][55][56], immature inflorescence [17], nodal segments [57], immature embryos [34,58], anthers [44,59], leaf petioles [60] and cotyledons [40,54,61,62] were developed. In Table 2, the optimal conditions for the plantlet regeneration from different explants, F. esculentum, F. tataricum and F. cymosum, are summarised.…”

Secretome-Derived Cultured Cell System: Overview Towards Extracellular Protein Characterization and Biotechnological Applications

“…SE is already known as the most appropriate regeneration system based on the exceptional totipotency of pro-embryonic masses (PEMs) giving rise to hundred of somatic embryos able to regenerate into plants. Several explants have been used to induce PEMs including immature flower tissues [7], anthers [7,8], ovaries [7,9], microspores [10], mature and immature zygotic embryos [9,11], cotyledons [12,13], hypocotyls [13], petioles [14], root tip [15,16], shoot apex [17] and leaf explants [16,18]. Somatic embryos developed over the surface of embryogenic callus (indirect SE) or occasionally, directly from explants without intervening calls phase (direct SE).…”