Somatic embryogenesis in conifers: The role of carbohydrate metabolism

Somatic Embryogenesis in Chestnut

“…It has been shown that in a number of species, low plant recovery rates are due to poor embryo quality and a lack of maturation and desiccation tolerance (Ettienne et al 1993). In general, maturation of somatic embryos can be achieved through treatments with abscisic acid (ABA) and/or permeating osmotica (high concentrations of sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids) or non-permeating osmotica (polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran) which induce water stress in the culture medium (Lipavská and Konrádová 2004). However, in a number of species, including chestnut, the transfer of previously-matured somatic embryos to a germination medium leads to a poor conversion rate, making it necessary to also apply pregermination treatments, among which we could include cold storage, partial desiccation or the application of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), the aim of which is to break the dormancy imposed by ABA and/or osmotic stress.…”

“…These shoots were multiplied and rooted following the micropropagation procedure previously described for European chestnut (Sánchez et al 1997b). Maltose also promoted the somatic embryo maturation of various species (Tremblay and Tremblay 1991;N∅rgaard 1997), but its mechanism of action has yet to be elucidated (Lipavská and Konrádová 2004).…”

“…The preference among carbohydrates has been shown to be species-specific or even cell line-specific (Lipavská and Konrádová 2004). Xing et al (1999) improved embryo maturation following culture in Gamborg´s B5 medium (Gamborg et al 1968) supplemented with 0.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA, and with sucrose concentration increased to 6%.…”

EFISIENSI MEDIA KULTUR DAN APLIKASI TEMPORARY IMMERSION SYSTEM PADA EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK KOPI ARABIKA / Efficiency of Culture Media and Aplication Temporary Immersion Systemon on Somatic Embryogenesis Arabica Coffee

“…Selain sebagai sumber energi, sukrosa juga berperan sebagai senyawa osmotikum, pelindung stress, molekul sinyal pada tanaman (Lipavská and Konrádová 2004;George et al 2008), dan mendukung pertumbuhan jaringan tanaman (Swamy et al 2010), serta pada species tanaman yang sulit diperbanyak secara in vitro dapat membantu memaksimalkan aktivitas zat pengatur tumbuh (Ramage and Williams 2002). Pada kultur in vitro sukrosa pada umumnya diberikan dalam jumlah 2 -5% (George et al 2008).…”

Role of Different Carbon Sources on in Vitro Micropropagation of Oxalis Corniculata (L.)

“…One of the most important components of nutrient medium is carbohydrate that strongly affects the growth and morphogenesis of in vitro cultured plant as it acts as a carbon source and osmoticum both [1]. In plant tissue culture, sugar serves as a carbohydrate supply to provide an optimum culture condition for cell.…”