Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus spp.

Montalbán, Itziar A.; García-Mendiguren, O.; Moncaleán, Paloma

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_21

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, it is not surprising to find enrichment of sulfur metabolism processes in our data, given the requirement of ABA across embryo development. In fact, ABA is an essential component of protocols for promoting SE development in conifers 58 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA profiling in Pinus pinaster reveals the transcriptome of developing seeds and highlights differences between zygotic and somatic embryos

Rodrigues

Chaves

Costa

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Regulation of seed development by small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) is an important mechanism controlling a crucial phase of the life cycle of seed plants. In this work, sRNAs from seed tissues (zygotic embryos and megagametophytes) and from somatic embryos of Pinus pinaster were analysed to identify putative regulators of seed/embryo development in conifers. In total, sixteen sRNA libraries covering several developmental stages were sequenced. We show that embryos and megagametophytes express a large population of 21-nt sRNAs and that substantial amounts of 24-nt sRNAs were also detected, especially in somatic embryos. A total of 215 conserved miRNAs, one third of which are conifer-specific, and 212 high-confidence novel miRNAs were annotated. MIR159, MIR171 and MIR394 families were found in embryos, but were greatly reduced in megagametophytes. Other families, like MIR397 and MIR408, predominated in somatic embryos and megagametophytes, suggesting their expression in somatic embryos is associated with in vitro conditions. Analysis of the predicted miRNA targets suggests that miRNA functions are relevant in several processes including transporter activity at the cotyledon-forming stage, and sulfur metabolism across several developmental stages. An important resource for studying conifer embryogenesis is made available here, which may also provide insightful clues for improving clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA profiling in Pinus pinaster reveals the transcriptome of developing seeds and highlights differences between zygotic and somatic embryos

Rodrigues

Chaves

Costa

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is currently considered as one of the most successful methods for large-scale vegetative propagation of plants, and especially in some economically relevant woody conifer species such as Pinus radiata. SE combined with cryopreservation of embryonal masses (EMs) gives the opportunity for scaling-up production of genetically improved varieties that have been fully tested at field (Santa-Catarina et al, 2012;Montalbán et al, 2016). The rising demand for forest products worldwide may be partially addressed by the deployment of tested varieties through vegetative propagation in intensively managed plantation forests, a strategy referred to as multi-varietal forestry (Park 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinins are involved in drought tolerance ofPinus radiataplants originating from embryonal masses induced at high temperatures

et al. 2020

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Vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis is an effective method to produce elite varieties and can be applied as a tool to study the response of plants to different stresses. Several studies show that environmental changes during embryogenesis could determine future plant development. Moreover, we previously reported that physical and chemical conditions during somatic embryogenesis can determine the protein, hormone and metabolite profiles, as well as the micromorphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses and somatic embryos. In this sense, phytohormones are key players throughout the somatic embryogenesis process as well as during numerous stress–adaptation responses. In this work, we first applied different high-temperature regimes (30 °C, 4 weeks; 40 °C, 4 days; 50 °C, 5 min) during induction of Pinus radiata D. Don somatic embryogenesis, together with control temperature (23 °C). Then, the somatic plants regenerated from initiated embryogenic cell lines and cultivated in greenhouse conditions were subjected to drought stress and control treatments to evaluate survival, growth and several physiological traits (relative water content, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Based on those preliminary results, even more extreme high-temperature regimes were applied during induction (40 °C, 4 h; 50 °C, 30 min; 60 °C, 5 min) and the corresponding cytokinin profiles of initiated embryonal masses from different lines were analysed. The results showed that the temperature regime during induction had delayed negative effects on drought resilience of somatic plants as indicated by survival, photosynthetic activity and water- use efficiency. However, high temperatures for extended periods of time enhanced subsequent plant growth in well-watered conditions. High-temperature regime treatments induced significant differences in the profile of total cytokinin bases, N6-isopentenyladenine, cis-zeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside. We concluded that phytohormones could be potential regulators of stress-response processes during initial steps of somatic embryogenesis and that they may have delayed implications in further developmental processes, determining the performance of the generated plants.

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“…SE is based on cellular totipotency, in which it is possible to produce a whole new plant from a single cell through internal and external stimuli, which is genotype-, developmental stage-, explant-and transcription factor-dependent (Fehér 2019). In conifers, SE has ve complex important stages (initiation, proliferation, maturation, germination and acclimatization ex vitro) (Montalbán et al 2016). Maturation is in uenced by many factors, such as the osmotic potential of the medium and the temperature (Teyssier et al 2011; Moncaleán et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic stability, amino acid, and polyamine profile analyses in radiata pine somatic embryos maturated at high temperatures

Montalbán,

Castander-Olarieta,

do Nascimento

et al. 2024

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Applying stress factors such as high temperatures during the different stages of somatic embryogenesis is either important interesting to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in stress response and adaptation, and as a strategy to produce plants adapted to harsh environmental conditions derived from climate changes. In this sense, the present work aims to study the effect of high temperatures applied during maturation of somatic embryogenesis in the ploidy stability, the amino acid and polyamine pro les of the somatic embryos obtained and in the morphological characteristics of the somatic plantlets. The results revealed that the maturation temperature did not affect the morphology of the resulting somatic plantlets, neither the ploidy and genome size of phenotypically normal somatic embryos, whose ploidy and DNA content levels were similar to those found in mature zygotic embryos.Nonetheless, a slight but signi cant reduction of the genome size of aberrant somatic embryos was observed. Of the 21 amino acids detected signi cant differences depending on the maturation temperature were found for glycine, arginine, lysine and ornithine. These last three amino acids are precursors of the polyamines detected. Regarding this, putrescine levels were higher in somatic embryos from the highest maturation temperature (5 min pulse at 60 ºC), however the amount of this polyamine in all samples was much lower than spermidine, spermine and cadaverine. In conclusion, the different temperatures applied did not led to substantial changes in the ploidy level, endogenous PAs of the somatic embryos developed, or in the morphology of the somatic plantlets. Signi cant changes in the endogenous amino acids were observed, which may be linked not only to PAs metabolism but to another metabolic pathways involved in stress response. Key MessageMaturation temperature doesn´t affect ploidy levels of radiata pine somatic embryos, however, it affects the endogenous levels of glycine, arginine, lysine and putrescine.

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus spp.

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Small RNA profiling in Pinus pinaster reveals the transcriptome of developing seeds and highlights differences between zygotic and somatic embryos

Small RNA profiling in Pinus pinaster reveals the transcriptome of developing seeds and highlights differences between zygotic and somatic embryos

Cytokinins are involved in drought tolerance ofPinus radiataplants originating from embryonal masses induced at high temperatures

Genetic stability, amino acid, and polyamine profile analyses in radiata pine somatic embryos maturated at high temperatures

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