Somatic histone H1 microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs is transported into the pronuclei but does not disrupt subsequent preimplantation development

Lin, Perry; Clarke, Hugh J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199606)44:2<185::aid-mrd7>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Import of histone H1 or the replacement histone H1°was examined using microinjection (Breeuwer and Goldfarb 1990;Lin and Clarke 1996) and permeabilized cells (Kurz et al 1997;Schwamborn et al 1998;Jäkel et al 1999). Import of histone H1 or the replacement histone H1°was examined using microinjection (Breeuwer and Goldfarb 1990;Lin and Clarke 1996) and permeabilized cells (Kurz et al 1997;Schwamborn et al 1998;Jäkel et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear transport of histone 2b in mammalian cells is signal- and energy-dependent and different from the importin α/β-mediated process

Langer

2000

Histochem Cell Biol

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Histone 2b nuclear transport was investigated using the digitonin-permeabilized cell system and the rat liver resealed nuclear envelope system. In permeabilized cells, maximal uptake of histone 2b is dependent on cytosolic components and an appropriate energy source. Addition of the recombinant proteins importin α/β, and Ran, as well as ATP and GTP, to cytosol-depleted permeabilized cells does not enhance the uptake of histone 2b in contrast to that of nucleoplasmin serving as a control. Nuclear import of histone 2b cannot be blocked by addition of an excess of a nuclear localization signal-bearing peptide or nucleoplasmin. Similar results were obtained with resealed nuclear envelopes. As shown previously, resealed vesicles respond to the importin signal for the uptake of nuclear localization signal-bearing proteins which allows investigation of the import mechanism independent of intranuclear binding to chromatin. Uptake of histone 2b therefore seems to be an energy-requiring transport mechanism different from the import of proteins bearing a typical nuclear localization signal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear transport of histone 2b in mammalian cells is signal- and energy-dependent and different from the importin α/β-mediated process

Langer

2000

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…This may confer upon the embryo the ability to regulate gene transcription correctly and be responsible for the downregulation of transiently-induced genes that are activated at the early 2-cell stage (reviewed, 61). However, microinjection of the somatic form into early embryos does not disrupt development (57), or expression of the transiently induced 70 kDa Transcription Requiring Complex genes, which is indicative of early genome activation (54). This indicates that the assembly of somatic H1 into early embryonic chromatin probably does not prevent expression of genes required for developmental progression, and is unlikely to be responsible, at least by itself, for the initiation of the transcriptionally repressive state and downregulation of transiently activated genes.…”

Section: Changes In Histone Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Microinjection of the somatic form of histone H1 into early embryos leads to assembly of the injected protein into chromatin (57). Transplantation of nuclei containing the somatic H1 form into early mouse embryos can result in the transfer of the somatic H1 form to maternal chromatin (55).…”

Section: Changes In Histone Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic genome activation

Keith¹

2001

Front Biosci

139

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Genome activation is one of the first critical events in the life of the new organism. Both the timing of genome activation and the array of genes activated must be controlled correctly. Genome activation occurs in a stepwise manner, with some genes being transcribed well in advance of the major genome activation event, in which most housekeeping genes become activated. Changes in chromatin protein content, particularly histone proteins, and chromatin structure appear to regulate the availability of the genome for transcription and provide for specificity of transcription. Gene enhancers are not initially required for transcription, but become necessary as the chromatin structure is modified. Changes in transcription factor content or activity are also required, and protein synthesis is essential for genome activation during both early and later phases of transcriptional activation. Both the changes in chromatin structure and availability of transcription factors are regulated by cell cycle-dependent mechanisms, thus providing the necessary coordination between these processes and other processes such as DNA replication and cleavage.

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“…These proteins might play a similar role in the mouse embryo. Lin and Clarke (1996) have shown that somatic histone H1 is transported efficiently in the pronuclei of late one-cell embryos when microinjected in the cytoplasm at the beginning of the first cell cycle. Using the same experimental conditions, we indeed found that the microinjection of H1 inhibits the normal onset of transcription at 27 hphCG in more than 50% of the embryos.…”

Section: Microinjected Hmg-i Modifies the Accessibility Of Chromatin mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Early Transcription in One-Cell Mouse Embryos by Microinjection of the Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein HMG-I

Beaujean

Baly

Monod

et al. 2000

Developmental Biology

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In the mouse embryo, the onset of zygotic transcription occurs at the end of the first cell cycle, upon completion of DNA replication. We show that the nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-I, whose translocation into the pronuclei of one-cell embryos is linked to this first round of DNA synthesis, plays a critical role in the activation of zygotic transcription. Indeed, microinjection of purified HMG-I results in a higher nuclear accumulation of the protein and triggers an earlier activation of zygotic transcription, an effect which is abolished by the preincubation of the protein with a specific antibody directed against its AT-hook DNA-binding motifs. Significantly, microinjection of this antibody also prevents the normal onset of transcription in the embryo, suggesting that endogenous HMG-I is similarly involved in this process. Finally, microinjection of the exogenous protein modifies chromatin structure as measured by in situ accessibility to DNase I. We propose that general chromosomal architectural factors such as HMG-I can modulate the accessibility of chromatin to specialized regulatory factors, thereby promoting a transcriptionally competent state.

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Somatic histone H1 microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs is transported into the pronuclei but does not disrupt subsequent preimplantation development

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Nuclear transport of histone 2b in mammalian cells is signal- and energy-dependent and different from the importin α/β-mediated process

Nuclear transport of histone 2b in mammalian cells is signal- and energy-dependent and different from the importin α/β-mediated process

Embryonic genome activation

Induction of Early Transcription in One-Cell Mouse Embryos by Microinjection of the Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein HMG-I

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