Somatic hybridisation of Petunia hybrida and P. parodii

Power, J. B.; Frearson, E.M.; Hayward, C.; George, D.; Evans, P. K.; Berry, S.F.; Cocking, E. C.

doi:10.1038/263500a0

Cited by 136 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…fertilization, endo-and exocytosis, etc.). However, it is the possibility of somatic hybridization induced by cell fusion that really demonstrates the enormous potential of this phenomenon in the fields of biology, agriculture, and medicine (15).Despite the great efforts on behalfofa large number of scientists and the numerous publications dealing with various fusogenic substances, such as lipids, polyethyleneglycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and fusogenic virus (7)(8)(11)(12)(13) Recently, Zimmermann and Scheurich (22) developed a quite different approach which they applied to mesophyll cell protoplasts of Vicia faba. The technique they used is based on the reversible electrical breakdown of cell membranes in response to a high external electrical field pulse of very short duration (a couple of,As) (9,19,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The study of chemical-and virus-induced fusion is an area of research that has attracted an increasing amount of interest in the last decade (4, [11][12][13]. Needless to say, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in cell and membrane fusion would provide information on the dynamic properties of cell membranes and lead to an understanding of many biological phenomena in which membrane fusion occurs (e.g.…”

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Electrically Stimulated Fusion of Different Plant Cell Protoplasts

Scheurich¹,

Zimmermann²,

Schnabl³

1981

Plant Physiol.

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Cell fusion is induced between guard cell and mesophyll cell protoplasts of Vicia faba by electrical field application. The process of fusion is initiated by electrical breakdown of the cell membrane. Prior to the application of an external electrical field pulse which brings about reversible breakdown of the membrane, the cels (suspended in a low-conducting medium) are brought into close contact with one another by exposing them to an external alternating, nonuniform field (5 volts, electrode distance, 200 micrometers; 500 kiloHertz). During this process, they form "pearl chains" which may become sufficiently long to form bridges between the electrodes. The process is reversible as long as this voltage is not exceeded. Cell fusion is initiated as a result of an electrical field pulse of 50 microseconds duration and of sufficiently high intensity to induce reversible electrical breakdown of the membranes. The process of fusion is completed within 40 minutes or less in the case of guard cell protoplasts, as well as in the case of fusion between guard cel and mesophyll ceUl protoplasts. The fused cells are spherical in shape, if the fusion product consists only of two or three cells.The study of chemical-and virus-induced fusion is an area of research that has attracted an increasing amount of interest in the last decade (4, 11-13). Needless to say, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in cell and membrane fusion would provide information on the dynamic properties of cell membranes and lead to an understanding of many biological phenomena in which membrane fusion occurs (e.g. fertilization, endo-and exocytosis, etc.). However, it is the possibility of somatic hybridization induced by cell fusion that really demonstrates the enormous potential of this phenomenon in the fields of biology, agriculture, and medicine (15).Despite the great efforts on behalfofa large number of scientists and the numerous publications dealing with various fusogenic substances, such as lipids, polyethyleneglycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and fusogenic virus (7)(8)(11)(12)(13) Recently, Zimmermann and Scheurich (22) developed a quite different approach which they applied to mesophyll cell protoplasts of Vicia faba. The technique they used is based on the reversible electrical breakdown of cell membranes in response to a high external electrical field pulse of very short duration (a couple of,As) (9,19,20).Close membrane contact between two cells, a prerequisite for fusion, is achieved by performing breakdown experiments in the presence of an inhomogeneous, alternating electrical field of low field strength. By simple physical laws, the cells are drawn into regions of high field intensity within the inhomogeneous field and, in the process, they form "pearl chains." This phenomenon is termed dielectrophoresis (10). The fusion process is initiated as soon as electrical breakdown occurs in the membranes of two attached cells. This method of fusion yields a high proportion of synchronously fused cells. The process of fusion can be trig...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Electrically Stimulated Fusion of Different Plant Cell Protoplasts

Scheurich¹,

Zimmermann²,

Schnabl³

1981

Plant Physiol.

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“…Although some doubt has been cast on whether this plant did in fact originate by protoplast fusion (Melchers,l977a), the method is certainly valid, and has been used subsequently to isolate large numbers of somatic hybrids from mixtures of protoplasts from these two Xicotiana species (Smith et al, 1976). An essentially similar procedure has been employed to obtain somatic hybrids of Petunia hybrida and P. ftarodii (Power et al, 1976. A number of selective techniques have been devised which exploit complementing mutant strains.…”

Section: Protoplast Technology (I) Protoplast Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The uses of isolated protoplasts in plant genetics

Cove

1979

Heredity

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SUMMARYProtoplasts may be isolated from a wide range of fungal and green plant species. In many of these, protoplasts can be induced to regenerate, and to give either plants directly, or cell cultures, which may in turn subsequently give rise to plants. Fusion of protoplasts can be induced by a variety of agents, and it may be possible to select hybrid cell lines or plants following treatment of mixtures of protoplasts. Hybrid selection procedures include direct visual selection using fusion partners which ale morphologicaily distinct, and various procedures which involve the use of complementing mutant strains.Somatic hybridisation following protoplast fusion has led to the selection of novel hybrids, not obtainable by sexual hybridisation, and has made possible the genetic analysis of sexually sterile strains. It also provides a unique method of studying cytoplasmic inheritance in higher plants, and allows the construction of strains having new combinations of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes.Isolated protoplasts are likely to be excellent material for mutagenic treatment and because they take up a wide range of material, they are also valuable in a variety of genetic techniques, aimed at the transfer of specific genetic information into plant species. Protoplasts have been utilised in the experiments leading to transformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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“…Fusion of two complementary albino parents will result tn the production of green functional chloroplasts and hence green callus and plants. A third selection method uses differential drug resistance so that only the fused, hybrid protoplasts will grow on the antibiotics-containing medium, while unfused protoplasts or homokaryons will not grow (Power et al 1976). In a similiar manner, hybrid protoplasts can be selected using biochemical complementation (Maliga et al 1977) such as differential resistance to amino acid analogs (Harms et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%