Somatosensory Evoked Potential Changes With a Selective Attention Task

Josiassen, Richard C.; Shagass, Charles; Roemer, Richard A.; Ercegovac, D.; Straumanis, John J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02536.x

Cited by 92 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The modulatory pattern of pain on tactile processing with a facilitation of later but not the earliest stages of tactile processing closely resembles attentional effects on tactile processing in somatosensory cortices as revealed by EEG (Desmedt and Tomberg 1989;Eimer and Forster 2003;Josiassen et al 1982;Michie et al 1987) and MEG (Mima et al 1998) recordings. These studies showed that focusing attention on a behaviorally relevant tactile stimulus facilitates S1 and S2 responses to tactile stimuli at latencies of 40 ms and later but do not modulate earliest S1 responses with latencies shorter than 40 ms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Pain Facilitates Tactile Processing in Human Somatosensory Cortices

Ploner

Pollok

Schnitzler

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Ploner, Markus, Bettina Pollok, and Alfons Schnitzler. Pain facilitates tactile processing in human somatosensory cortices. J Neurophysiol 92: 1825-1829, 2004. First published April 28, 2004 10.1152/jn.00260.2004. Touch and pain are intimately related modalities. Despite a substantial overlap in their cortical representations interactions between both modalities are largely unknown at the cortical level. We therefore used magnetoencephalography and selective nociceptive cutaneous laser stimulation to investigate the effects of brief painful stimuli on cortical processing of touch. Using a conditioning test stimulus paradigm, our results show that painful conditioning stimuli facilitate processing of tactile test stimuli applied 500 ms later. This facilitation applies to cortical responses later than 40 ms originating from primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices but not to earlier S1 responses. By contrast, tactile conditioning stimuli yield a decrease of early as well as late responses to tactile test stimuli. Control experiments show that pain-induced facilitation of tactile processing is not restricted to the site of the painful conditioning stimulus, whereas auditory conditioning does not yield a comparable facilitation. Apart from a lack of spatial specificity, the facilitating effect of pain closely resembles attentional effects on cortical processing of tactile stimuli. Thus these findings may represent a physiological correlate of an alerting function of pain as a change in the internal state to prepare for processing signals of particular relevance. I N T R O D U C T I O NTouch and pain are intimately related modalities. According to everyday experience, painful stimuli and appropriate behavioral responses are associated with tactile sensations. This close association of both modalities is paralleled by a substantial overlap between the cortical representation of touch and pain. In particular, the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices are involved in processing of both modalities as revealed by functional imaging and neurophysiological studies directly comparing cortical activations to both stimuli (Chen et al. 2002;Coghill et al. 1994;Gelnar et al. 1999;Ploner et al. 2000). Although interactions between both modalities have been characterized on the behavioral level (Apkarian et al. 1994;Bolanowski et al. 2000;Hansson and Lundeberg 1999;Hollins et al. 1996;Melzack and Wall 1965), the modulatory effects of pain on cortical processing of touch and vice versa are largely unknown. A few studies showed that pain inhibits tactile processing in S1 (Rossi et al. 1998;Tommerdahl et al. 1996;Tran et al. 2003), whereas another study did not show this inhibitory effect (Dowman 1999). However, in most of these studies, nonselective nociceptive and tonic painful stimuli were applied (Rossi et al. 1998;Tommerdahl et al. 1996;Tran et al. 2003), which has possibly resulted in confounding of intermodal interaction effects between touch and pain and intramodal tactile interaction effects. ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Pain Facilitates Tactile Processing in Human Somatosensory Cortices

Ploner

Pollok

Schnitzler

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Attentional effects at the latency of our later component have also been found: there is evidence that brain activity during this later time period reflects relatively complex aspects of tactile processing, e.g. these components are classically modulated by attention (Desmedt and Robertson, 1977;Josiassen et al, 1982;Garcia-Larrea et al, 1995;Mima et al, 1998). There is also evidence that mid-latency components are also dependent on conscious awareness (Schubert et al, 2006): in a study of backward masking the P100 and N140 SEP components had larger amplitude when the tactile targets were consciously perceived.…”

Section: Attentional Modulationmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Some previous SEP studies have shown that relatively early SEP components (e.g. P27, P50) are modulated by attention (Josiassen et al, 1982;Seitz and Roland, 1992;Kunde and Treede, 1993;Mima et al, 1998) and one study (Legon and Staines, 2006) showed modulation of the N20 (to medial nerve stimulation) when attention to a tactile stimulus is needed to guide a motor task. Other studies have failed to find early attention effects (Desmedt and Robertson, 1977;Zopf et al, 2004).…”

Section: Attentional Modulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early and late activity in somatosensory cortex reflects changes in bodily self-consciousness: An evoked potential study

2012

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Abstract-How can we investigate the brain mechanisms underlying self-consciousness? Recent behavioural studies on multisensory bodily perception have shown that multisensory conflicts can alter bodily self-consciousness such as in the ''full body illusion'' (FBI) in which changes in self-identification with a virtual body and tactile perception are induced. Here we investigated whether experimental changes in self-identification during the FBI are accompanied by activity changes in somatosensory cortex by recording somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs). To modulate self-identification, participants were filmed by a video camera from behind while their backs were stroked, either synchronously (illusion condition) or asynchronously (control condition) with respect to the stroking seen on their virtual body. Tibial nerve SEPs were recorded during the FBI and analysed using evoked potential (EP) mapping. Tactile mislocalisation was measured using the crossmodal congruency task. SEP mapping revealed five sequential periods of brain activation during the FBI, of which two differed between the illusion condition and the control condition. Activation at 30-50 ms (corresponding to the P40 component) in primary somatosensory cortex was stronger in the illusion condition. A later activation at $110-200 ms, likely originating in higher-tier somatosensory regions in parietal cortex, was stronger and lasted longer in the control condition. These data show that changes in bodily self-consciousness modulate activity in primary and higher-tier somatosensory cortex at two distinct processing steps. We argue that early modulations of primary somatosensory cortex may be a consequence of (1) multisensory integration of synchronous vs. asynchronous visuo-tactile stimuli and/or (2) differences in spatial attention (to near or far space) between the conditions. The later activation in higher-tier parietal cortex (and potentially other regions in temporo-parietal and frontal cortex) likely reflects the detection of visuo-tactile conflicts in the asynchronous condition.

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“…Thus, P45 amplitude increases significantly when attention is actively directed to the stimulated hand [Desmedt et al, 1983;Josiassen et al, 1982], whereas drowsiness and sleep have depressing effects on P45 amplitude [Noguchi et al, 1995] leading to amplitude decreases down to levels near background noise. This might explain why P45 was virtually non identifiable in two of our subjects who became drowsy during the recordings.…”

Section: Spatial Discrimination Based On N20/p20 or P45 Sep Componentsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cortical representation of the human hand assessed by two levels of high‐resolution EEG recordings

Houzé¹,

Perchet²,

Magnin³

et al. 2011

Human Brain Mapping

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Increasing interest in cortical plasticity has prompted the growing use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to estimate changes in the cortical representation of body regions. Here, we tested the effect of different sites of hand stimulation and of the density of spatial sampling in the quality of estimation of somatosensory sources. Sources of two SEP components from the primary somatosensory cortex (N20/P20 and P45) were estimated using two levels of spatial sampling (64- vs. 128-channel) and stimulation of four distal sites in the upper limbs, including single digits (first vs. fifth) and distal nerves with comparable cortical projection (superficial branch of the radial nerve and distal ulnar nerve). The most robust separation of somatosensory sources was achieved by comparing the cortical representations of the first digit and the distal ulnar nerve territories on the N20/P20 component of SEPs. Although both the 64- and the 128-electrode montages correctly discriminated these two areas, only the 128-electrode montage was able to significantly separate sources in the other cases, notably when using first versus fifth digit stimulation. Trustworthy distinction of cortical representations was not obtainable when using the P45 component, probably because of greater activation volume, radial orientation of sources in areas 1-2 and increased variability with attention and vigilance. Assessment of tangential SEP components to stimulation of first digit versus ulnar nerve appears the best option to assess plastic somatosensory changes, especially when using relatively low-electrode sampling.

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Somatosensory Evoked Potential Changes With a Selective Attention Task

Cited by 92 publications

References 22 publications

Pain Facilitates Tactile Processing in Human Somatosensory Cortices

Pain Facilitates Tactile Processing in Human Somatosensory Cortices

Early and late activity in somatosensory cortex reflects changes in bodily self-consciousness: An evoked potential study

Cortical representation of the human hand assessed by two levels of high‐resolution EEG recordings

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