Somatotopy in the phrenic motor nucleus of the cat as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase

Duron, B; Marlot, D.; Larnicol, Nicole; Jung-Caillol, M C; Macron, Jean-Michel

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(79)96141-x

Cited by 46 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The spatial distribution of diaphragm compartment nuclei have been investigated using different combinations of fluorescent tracers or HRP retrograde labeling of phrenic nerve primary branches or the injection of tracers into different regions of the diaphragm (Duron et al 1979a; Rikard-Bell and Bystrzycka 1980; Tan and Miller 1986; Laskowski and Sanes 1987; Gordon and Richmond 1990). The results of these studies were generally similar, with the sternal portion of the sternocostal diaphragm innervated by motoneurons located more rostrally in the phrenic motor nucleus while motoneurons innervating the lateral costal portion of the diaphragm were found more caudally.…”

Section: Central Partitioning Of Motoneurons Innervating Neuromusculamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of these studies were generally similar, with the sternal portion of the sternocostal diaphragm innervated by motoneurons located more rostrally in the phrenic motor nucleus while motoneurons innervating the lateral costal portion of the diaphragm were found more caudally. The crural motoneurons were found to have a broad spatial distribution in the middle and caudal regions of the phrenic motoneuron pool when muscle nerve branches were retrogradely labeled (Duron et al 1979a; Rikard-Bell and Bystrzycka 1980). However, when labeling was performed by HRP injections into the diaphragm, crural motoneurons were observed to be more extensively distributed throughout the whole phrenic motoneuron pool (Tan and Miller 1986).…”

Section: Central Partitioning Of Motoneurons Innervating Neuromusculamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limb, respiratory, and masticatory muscle compartmentalization

Widmer

Morris-Wiman

2010

Breathe, Walk and Chew: The Neural Challenge: Part I

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Neuromuscular compartments are subvolumes of muscle that have unique biomechanical actions and can be activated singly or in groups to perform the necessary task. Beside unique biomechanical actions, other evidence that supports the neuromuscular compartmentalization of muscles includes segmental reflexes that preferentially excite motoneurons from the same compartment, proportions of motor unit types that differ among compartments and a central partitioning of motoneurons that innervate each compartment. The current knowledge regarding neuromuscular compartments in representative muscles involved in locomotion, respiration and mastication is presented to compare and contrast these different motor systems. Developmental features of neuromuscular compartment formation in these three motor systems are reviewed to identify when these compartments are formed, their innervation patterns and the process of refinement to achieve the adult phenotype. Finally, the role of androgen modulation of neuromuscular compartment maturation in representative muscles of these motor systems is reviewed and the impact of testosterone on specific myosin heavy chain fiber types is discussed based on recent data. In summary, neuromuscular compartments are pre-patterned output elements in muscle that undergo refinement of compartment boundaries and muscle fiber phenotype during maturation. Further studies are needed to understand how these output elements are selectively controlled during locomotion, respiration and mastication.

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Section: Central Partitioning Of Motoneurons Innervating Neuromusculamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Central Partitioning Of Motoneurons Innervating Neuromusculamentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb, respiratory, and masticatory muscle compartmentalization

Widmer

Morris-Wiman

2010

Breathe, Walk and Chew: The Neural Challenge: Part I

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“…The specific segmental location of phrenic neurons varies between species: human C3-C5 (22,23), cat C5-C6 (24,25), and rat C3-C6 (26)(27)(28). The majority of the dendrites of the phrenic motor neurons run rostrocaudally within the phrenic nucleus; however, some radiate out into the white matter of the spinal cord both laterally and medially.…”

Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spinal Cord Injury on the Respiratory System: Basic Research and Current Clinical Treatment Options

Zimmer

Nantwi

Goshgarian

2007

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

154

126

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Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to an impairment of the respiratory system. The more rostral the level of injury, the more likely the injury will affect ventilation. In fact, respiratory insufficiency is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity after SCI. This review highlights the progress that has been made in basic and clinical research, while noting the gaps in our knowledge. Basic research has focused on a hemisection injury model to examine methods aimed at improving respiratory function after SCI, but contusion injury models have also been used. Increasing synaptic plasticity, strengthening spared axonal pathways, and the disinhibition of phrenic motor neurons all result in the activation of a latent respiratory motor pathway that restores function to a previously paralyzed hemidiaphragm in animal models. Human clinical studies have revealed that respiratory function is negatively impacted by SCI. Respiratory muscle training regimens may improve inspiratory function after SCI, but more thorough and carefully designed studies are needed to adequately address this issue. Phrenic nerve and diaphragm pacing are options available to wean patients from standard mechanical ventilation. The techniques aimed at improving respiratory function in humans with SCI have both pros and cons, but having more options available to the clinician allows for more individualized treatment, resulting in better patient care. Despite significant progress in both basic and clinical research, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of the effect of SCI on the respiratory system.

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“…We used the moving average of the C5 phrenic activity for its convenience as a measure of the central respiratory drive of the animal, since the peak of this activity correlates well with tidal volume (Eldridge, 1971); and to provide a good sampling of the activity of the costal part of the diaphragm, since the C5 branch of the phrenic innervates all but the dorsal portion of the costal diaphragm (Duron, Marlot, Larnicol, Jung-Caillol & Macron, 1979;Fournier & Sieck, 1987). In contrast, we had to record the e.m.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…activity of the hiatal region of the crural diaphragm because, in the cat, it does not receive its innervation from one particular phrenic root. Its motoneurones lie throughout a large part of the rostro-caudal extent of the phrenic nucleus (Tan & Miller, 1986) and are not contained in just the C6 segment; nor is the C6 branch composed only of neurones innervating the crural diaphragm (Duron et al 1979;Fournier & Sieck, 1987). Even though axons from some motoneurones to the hiatal region travel in the C5 branch, we were unable to detect a decrease in C5 activity during oesophageal distension and crural inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of medullary inspiratory neurones in the control of the diaphragm during oesophageal stimulation in cats.

Altschuler

Davies

Pack

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effect of oesophageal distension and swallowing on the activity of medullary respiratory neurones was recorded in decerebrate, spontaneously breathing cats. The distension, produced by inflating a balloon in the thoracic portion of the oesophagus, was of sufficient magnitude to induce inhibition of the peri-oesophageal part of the crural diaphragm, with little effect on the respiratory function of the diaphragm as measured by the activity in the C5 branch of the phrenic nerve.2. 424 neurones were tested. They were located bilaterally, in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (dorsal respiratory group) or the ambiguus complex (ventral respiratory group). No cell exhibited a change in activity during periods of strong inhibition of crural electrical activity induced by distension or swallowing. The activity of all cells paralleled that of the C5 phrenic neurogram, which was unaffected by the tests.3. We conclude that the reflex inhibition of the crural diaphragm during oesophageal distension does not result from an inhibition of medullary premotor inspiratory neurones of the dorsal and ventral groups. Additional central pathways must exist that inhibit motoneurones to the crural diaphragm during gastrointestinal reflexes.

show abstract

Somatotopy in the phrenic motor nucleus of the cat as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

Limb, respiratory, and masticatory muscle compartmentalization

Limb, respiratory, and masticatory muscle compartmentalization

Effect of Spinal Cord Injury on the Respiratory System: Basic Research and Current Clinical Treatment Options

Role of medullary inspiratory neurones in the control of the diaphragm during oesophageal stimulation in cats.

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