Somatotype, diet and nutritional status of women

Abstract

AbstrAct:The relationship between energy value and nutrients intake and the body shape and size parameters (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) has become an interesting research area for nutritionists and dieticians. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body shape and size parameters (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences), somatotype (according to the Rohrer (RI) index) and energy value and nutrients intake of women. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2016 on 148 female volunteers aged 57-88 from the Mazovian and Lublin province (Poland). Sample selection was targeted at elderly people with different body types. The exclusion criteria were: multi-organ failure, cancer and disability. Then among the subjects, a survey was conducted, that included demographic data, lifestyle, health status and vitamins and minerals supplements use. Food intake has been assessed using a 3-day dietary food records. The somatotype was determined using the RI with the Curtis key, classifying the subjects as ectomorphic (n=30), mesomorphic (n=31) and endomorphic (n=87). The somatotype was significantly related to place of residence, physical activity, waist and hip circumference, WHR and BMI index, total protein intake, animal protein intake, vitamin E intake (p≤0.05) and to fat, phosphorus and thiamine intake (p≤0.1). The obtained results showed that the place of residence, physical activity, chronic diseases, the use of specialized diet, body weight fluctuations, BMI and WHR were different depending on the somatotype in the examined group of women. Endomorphic subjects had significantly greater waist and hip circumference and diastolic blood pressure compared to the other somatotypes. The somatotype had only a significant effect on total protein, animal protein and vitamin E intake, and ectomorphic elderly women may be particularly susceptible to nutrient deficiencies. Due to the risk of macronutrient, vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the diets of the examined women, it seems necessary to educate this group as well as caregivers and doctors in the area of nutrition adapted to the needs of the elderly.

Somatotype Characteristics of Sunni Muslim Population: A Cross-sectional Study

“…Previous studies reported that there is a constant increase in weight, body mass index, and fat mass with advancing age (Arking, 1998; Buffa et al, 2005). Also, high endomorphic component in female young adults could be due to least energy value and macronutrients intake in their diet (Drywień et al, 2016, 2017). Middle-aged adult females (36–55 years) are comparatively more endomorphic than young adult and older adult females with a slight difference in values.…”

“…Moreover, it was observed that there is a decrease in the mesomorphic component and increase in the ectomorphic component in older-age adults. This could be explained as a process of ageing, which is reported to be associated with changes in size, proportions, composition of the body, and also decline in growth and muscle mass (Drywień et al, 2017). This observation is consistent with other previous studies conducted among adults of Canada (Bailey et al, 1982), Garhwal (Gaur & Singh, 1997) and Chuvasha (Kalichman & Kobyliansky, 2006).…”

Culture, Ethnic, Lifestyle, and Diabetes

“…In the study group, the tendency to increase total fat intake among endomorphs was also higher compared to other types (p ≤0.1).There are no other statistically significant differences in macronutrient intake between the somatotypes.The highest propensity for higher intakes of amines (p ≤0.1) and phosphorus (p ≤0.1) was observed in women with endomorphs compared to the other groups.Intakes of other vitamins and minerals are similar in all subjects regardless of somatotype. (12) Ethnic society was stripped offfrom their land and forcibly resettled and reserved,which currently have the highest unemployment rates in the United States.…”

Characteristic of Somatotype, Obesity and Nutrition Intake in Adult Woman (Study in 5 Different Civil Servant Offices in Semarang City)

“…In contrast, endomorph, this type of body is identified by slim body, weak muscle and bone; arm not straight, short body and long body part. Narrow chest and flat, round arm, weak tight and shoulder, long finger and smooth and lean [21].…”

“…Adipose tissue can be found under the skin or popularly called subtukan fat and it was found in mesenterium, omentum and behind peritoneum commonly called visceral fat or fat protecting inner organ. High energy intake in long period will enable the high fat storage in adipose tissue both stored in a form of subkutan and viseral [21]. Endomoprh women has higher amount lipid cell both the fat under the skin or viseral fat [20].…”