Some Actions of Histamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine on Isolated Chicken Oesophagus

Bartlet, A. L.; Hassan, T.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00439.x

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Histamine produced a contraction of the separated muscularis mucosae which was antagonized by mepyramine but not by hyoscine, showing that histamine directly stimulates the plain muscle. The tachyphylaxis to histamine which occurred on preparations of muscularis mucosae made from large guinea-pigs was also observed in experiments with the chicken oesophagus and has been discussed before (Bartlet & Hassan, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Methysergide partially antagonized 5-HT acting on the muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig oesophagus, so that 5-HT seemed to be combining with both methysergide-sensitive and methysergide-resistant receptors. Atropine did not antagonize 5-HT acting on the muscularis mucosae of the chicken oesophagus (Bartlet & Hassan, 1968), so the action of 5-HT on the muscularis mucosae is not the same in all species. A. L. BARTLET Tubocurarine did not antagonize 5-HT acting on the guinea-pig oesophagus; thus there was no evidence that 5-HT indirectly stimulated the striped external muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Actions of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and Histamine on the Neural Structures and Muscularis Mucosae of the Guinea‐pig Oesophagus

Bartlet¹

1968

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The striped external muscle of the isolated guinea-pig oesophagus is insensitive to drugs and the lumen does not seem to be patent; thus the preparation does not respond to drugs until they have penetrated the external muscle and stimulated the intramural nerves or the plain muscle of the muscularis mucosae. The innervation of the external muscle of the guinea-pig oesophagus is not blocked by hexamethonium and is apparently without ganglia, so a stimulant of ganglion-cells produces a contraction of the muscularis mucosae only, which is distinguishable from a contraction of the external muscle. Furthermore, the external muscle and the muscularis mucosae can be separated, so that the actions of drugs on the muscularis mucosae in situ can be compared with those on the separated muscularis mucosae (Bartlet, 1968a, b). Hence the structure of the guinea-pig oesophagus makes it a suitable preparation for analysing the actions of drugs on the intramural nervous plexuses and muscularis mucosae of the alimentary tract, and a description of the actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and histamine on this preparation follows. METHODSPreparations of muscularis mucosae, external muscle, oesophagus and oesophagus with vagus nerve attached were made as before (Bartlet, 1968a). The term " oesophagus " in the text, tables and figures refers to the whole organ, and the terms " external muscle " and " muscularis mucosae " refer to the separated oesophageal layers. The preparations were exposed to agonists for 1-3 min in every 15 min. Antagonists were added to the Krebs solution bathing the preparation when reproducible responses to an agonist had been obtained, only one agonist being tested in any such experiment with an antagonist. The effect of antagonists was expressed in terms of the dose ratio (Gaddum, Hameed, Hathway & Stephens, 1955), which is the ratio of equi-active doses of agonist in the presence and absence of antagonist. The inverse ratio was used to express the effect of drugs which potentiated agonists.The following drugs were used: acetylcholine chloride, acetyl-/3-methylcholine chloride, atropine sulphate, carbachol chloride, cocaine hydrochloride, eserine salicylate, hexamethonium bromide, histamine acid phosphate, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulphate, hyoscine hydrobromide, mepyramine maleate, methysergide bimaleate, muscarine iodide and tubocurarine chloride. The muscarine iodide was kindly supplied by J. R. Geigy & Co., Basel, Switzerland. Quantities of the drugs in the text, tables and figures refer to the above salts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Actions of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and Histamine on the Neural Structures and Muscularis Mucosae of the Guinea‐pig Oesophagus

Bartlet¹

1968

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…An isolated preparation of pre-crop oesophagus with vagus and descending oesophageal nerves attached was made as described by Bartlet & Hassan (1968a). Sometimes a preparation of separated external muscle with nerve attached was made by everting a nerve-oesophagus preparation on a glass rod, peeling away the mucosa and reverting the muscularis externa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes a preparation of separated external muscle with nerve attached was made by everting a nerve-oesophagus preparation on a glass rod, peeling away the mucosa and reverting the muscularis externa. The preparations were suspended in Krebs solution and longitudinal contractions in response to nerve stimulation were recorded isotonically as previously described (Bartlet & Hassan, 1968a). Occasionally the postcrop oesophagus or a piece of guinea-pig ileum was suspended in the same organbath as the nerve-oesophagus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hyoscine‐resistant contraction of isolated chicken oesophagus in response to stimulation of parasympathetic nerves

Hassan¹

1969

British J Pharmacology

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1. Contractions of the chicken isolated oesophagus or separated external muscle produced by stimulation of the vagus and descending oesophageal nerves were abolished by hyoscine (1-100 jLg/ml.) if the duration of stimulation was less than 5 sec, but prolonged stimulation produced delayed contractions not antagonized by hyoscine. 2. The contractions to nerve stimulation were abolished by nerve section but not by bretylium, hexamethonium or tubocurarine. 3. In decerebrate chickens, intravenous hyoscine abolished the contractions of the oesophagus produced by nerve stimulation, but previous intravenous injection of hyoscine into chicks did not prevent subsequently isolated oesophageal preparations from contracting to nerve stimulation. 4. Prolonged nerve stimulation of an isolated oesophageal preparation did not produce a contraction from a piece of isolated guinea-pig ileum or postcrop chick oesophagus suspended in the same organ-,bath. 5. It seems possible that small amounts of a slow contracting substance were released from the stimulated nerves together with acetylcholine.In the anaesthetized fowl contractions of the oesophagus, crop, proventriculus and gizzard produced by stimulation of the vagus and descending oesophageal nerves are abolished by hyoscine or atropine (Hassan, 1967). The present paper describes experiments in which the isolated oesophagus responded to stimulation of these nerves with contractions resisting complete block by hyoscine. A preliminary report of the pharmacological characteristics of the hyoscine-resistant contraction of the chicken isolated oesophagus was communicated to the British and Scandinavian Pharmacological Societies Summer Meeting; it was concluded that hyoscine added to the organ-bath did not reach receptors responding to acetylcholine released from the nerves (Hassan, 1968). Further evidence suggests, however, that a slow contracting substance is released from the nerves together with acetylcholine, thus accounting for the resistance of the contraction to complete block by hyoscine.

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“…Preparations of external muscle, muscularis mucosae, oesophagus and oesophagus with nerve attached were made as described by Bartlet & Hassan (1968). The terms "external muscle" and " muscularis mucosae " in the text, table and figures refer to the separated oesophageal layers, and the term " oesophagus " refers to the whole organ.…”

Section: Isolated Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Physostigmine and the Distribution of Cholinesterases in the Chicken Oesophagus

Bartlet¹,

Hassan²

1968

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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Physostigmine produces a contraction of the muscularis mucosae but not of the external muscle of the isolated guinea-pig oesophagus. The oesophagus of guinea-pigs contains a striped external muscle innervated by vagal fibres which are not blocked by hexamethonium, and a muscularis mucosae consisting of plain muscle innervated by post-ganglionic nerves. This led to the suggestion that contractions produced by physostigmine in the isolated guinea-pig oesophagus involved only post-ganglionic nerves or the muscularis mucosae (Bartlet, 1968a, b). The chicken oesophagus has a plain external muscle and muscularis mucosae (Calhoun, 1933(Calhoun, , 1954, and in the present experiments physostigmine increased the tone of both the external muscle and the muscularis mucosae. The possibility that physostigmine acted through non-neuronal structures has been investigated by testing its effect in the presence of cocaine. In addition the histochemical localization of cholinesterases was investigated to depict the site of action of physostigmine.

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Some Actions of Histamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine on Isolated Chicken Oesophagus

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Actions of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and Histamine on the Neural Structures and Muscularis Mucosae of the Guinea‐pig Oesophagus

Actions of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and Histamine on the Neural Structures and Muscularis Mucosae of the Guinea‐pig Oesophagus

A hyoscine‐resistant contraction of isolated chicken oesophagus in response to stimulation of parasympathetic nerves

The Action of Physostigmine and the Distribution of Cholinesterases in the Chicken Oesophagus

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