Some additional light shed on surges

Ahrnsbrak, William F.

doi:10.1029/jc079i024p03482

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It persists for at least a few weeks at a time in summer or autumn but can suddenly disappear. Seneca Lake is known to undergo internal waves and seiches with amplitudes of tens of meters (Ahrnsbrak 1974). Such events are pre-…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusion of saline groundwater into Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, New York

et al. 1995

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Seneca and Cayuga Lakes have chloride levels 2-l 0 times higher than the other Finger Lakes. Approximately 170 x 1 O6 kg of salt appear to be added to Seneca Lake from within the basin each year. The region is underlain by Silurian beds of commercial-grade rock salt -450-600 m below the surface. It has been proposed that Seneca and Cayuga Lakes are saltier than the others because their basins intersect some of these beds.Fieldwork supports this hypothesis. A deep water mass up to 10% saltier than the rest of Seneca Lake was observed to expand and partially fill the hypolimnion from the bottom up during summer 199 1 and 1992. The saltier water was mixed into the rest of the lake in early winter, only to reappear after the thermocline was established. Sediment interstitial water profiles in both lakes reveal large regions of saline groundwater several meters below the sediment surface, and NaCl concentrations as high as 30?&0 have been found. New York's Finger Lakes occupy 11 north-south trending basins thought to be preglacial river valleys gouged by Pleistocene glaciation and dammed by moraines (von Engeln 196 1). The basins are extremely deep for their surface area (max depths: Seneca, 188 m; Cayuga, 132 m) and intersect a thick sequence of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks that dips gently to the south-southwest with little structural deformation.Seneca and Cayuga Lakes exhibit much higher concentrations of dissolved sodium and chloride than the smaller Finger Lakes do, in spite of similar patterns of land use throughout the region.Berg (1963) has noted that salt strata underlie the entire area and that beds of commercial-grade rock salt 450-600 m below ground level are mined at the southern end of both lakes. Because the mines are dry and lie well below the lake floors, he did not consider it probable that groundwater from these depths leaches upward into the lakes. He also considered and rejected the washings from the commercial salt processing plants themselves as the cause, because no point-sources for chlorides were indicated by the salinity distributions in the lakes, and mass balance considerations seemed to preclude it; a source for chlorides much greater than the mines could provide

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusion of saline groundwater into Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, New York

et al. 1995

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“…All lakes drain northward into Lake Ontario within the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Wind directions are often parallel to their long axes, resulting in the generation of surface and internal seiches (Ahrnsbrak 1974). We specifically deployed drifters in Seneca Lake and Keuka Lake (the latter is detailed in Supplemental Information, S2).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economical Open-Source Lagrangian Drifter Design to Measure Deep Currents in Lakes

McCaffrey,

Koeberle

2024

Preprint

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The objective was to construct and test an economical, accurate, and open-source Lagrangian drifter design suitable for lakes <200 km2. Lagrangian drifters are used to trace water currents in marine and freshwater settings and comprise of a low-friction surface float containing instrumentation for location and environmental measurement, tethered to a high-friction drogue at the depth of interest. Oceanic drifters are robust but expensive, and this design tailored to inland lake waterbodies fills a durability and cost gap for lake environments. Water-following characteristics were tested using theoretical drag coefficient calculations, practical drag measurements, and comparison of wind and drifter vectors while deployed on two deep inland lakes (maximum area 175 km2) in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA. The ratio of drag between float and drogue met or exceeded the minimum value of 40 recommended in the literature, and the vectors of wind and drifter during deployment were independent of one another, meaning the device accurately traced the movement of water currents at depth without undue influence of wind and waves. Each device cost USD $265 in 2021 and was built from materials readily available at hardware and sporting goods stores, allowing their use by research institutions and communities with smaller budgets. This design reliably measured lake currents at sampling depths that ranged from to 30 m. We anticipate that this design will have application to a wide range of hydrodynamic and ecological research where empirical insights to physical processes like lake currents are sought by scientists and managers.

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The Circulation of Large Lakes

Bennett¹

1978

Upwelling Ecosystems

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Some additional light shed on surges

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Intrusion of saline groundwater into Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, New York

Intrusion of saline groundwater into Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, New York

An Economical Open-Source Lagrangian Drifter Design to Measure Deep Currents in Lakes

The Circulation of Large Lakes

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