Some after-effects of stage hypnosis: A case study of psychopathological manifestations

Kleinhauz, Moris; Dreyfuss, D; Beran, Barbara; Goldberg, Tova; Azikri, D

doi:10.1080/00207147908407563

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The association between hypnosis with an unpleasant childhood event has been a potent source of negative reactions involving revivification of emotionally laden and somatic events (or taking the form of retrograde amnesia), and alterations of arousal with autonomic signs. Sequelae have included chronic depression and PTSD symptoms (Gruzelier, 2000b(Gruzelier, , 2004; dissociative episodes following age regression to the time of WWII trauma (Kleinhauz, Dreyfuss, Behan, Goldberg and Azikri, 1979); surgical operations in childhood involving the alteration and reduction of consciousness with anaesthetic (Hilgard et al, 1961); the production of stupor (Kleinhauz and Behan, 1981); and the reinstatement of epilepsy (Page and Handley, 1993). Where there were multiple memory cues in this associative network of negative episodes, adverse effects may be compounded (Page and Handley, 1993).…”

Section: Thalamo-cortical Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility

Gruzelier

2006

Contemp. Hypnosis

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An update is provided of an earlier review (Gruzelier, 1998) of the range of evidence for neurophysiological changes in frontal and lateralized functions with hypnosis, changes which have differentiated high from low hypnotically susceptible subjects, and which led to a working model and neuropsychological translation of the hypnotic induction process. New evidence is outlined from an fMRI/EEG study. This study also disclosed the importance of neural efficiency in left lateral frontal and anterior cingulate structures, and their connectivity, for distinguishing high from low hypnotic susceptibility both in hypnosis and in the everyday state. This amplifies earlier constructs such as cognitive flexibility. Though the focus will be largely on the alteration of connections with the anterior brain and its corresponding alterations of function, interhemispheric, posterior and subcortical connectivity is also considered. The practical implications for the interaction between the hypnotherapist and subject are considered, including stage hypnosis. Key words: EEG, fMRI, hypnosis, hypnotic susceptibility, neurophysiology, stage hypnosis Neurocognitive changes with hypnosis Selective inhibition, dissociation and disconnectionSince the time of Janet dissociation has been historically the dominating cognitive theory of hypnosis (Hilgard, 1965;Bowers, 1992). Now a range of evidence is showing that following instructions of hypnosis a different and unusual pattern of abilities and disabilities is brought into play in hypnotizable subjects compared with the pre-hypnosis state. These involve dissociations between cognitive processes, and disconnections between brain regions together with selective inhibition and enhancement of abilities and processes (Gruzelier, 1998;2004). The likening of hypnosis to an inhibitory process is enshrined in the term hypnosis, itself derived from Hypnos the god of sleep, and initially made popular by Pavlov's inhibitory concepts. Early electrophysiological studies found no evidence of sleep per se (Crawford and Gruzelier, 1992), nevertheless frontal inhibition may represent one dynamic of frontal involvement in hypnosis (e.g. Gruzelier, 1990;1998;Woody and Bowers, 1994;Woody and Sadler, 1998), and one which may be an alternative to disconnection, or be in parallel with it. The experimental evidence for changes in anterior brain activity will be considered in turn. Error detection and evaluation Neurophysiological fractionation of processes, to include possible inhibition, has been demonstrated between error detection processes and error evaluation processes and with the apparent inhibition or uncoupling of the latter, both of which are processes emanating from the anterior cingulate. These processes were measured with event-related potentials (ERPs) in a Stroop-like conflict task (Kaiser, Barker, Haenschel, Baldeweg and Gruzelier, 1997). The ERPs disclosed a dissociation not evident behaviourally. In the highly hypnotizable participants error detection rates decreased and reaction times (RT...

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Section: Thalamo-cortical Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility

Gruzelier

2006

Contemp. Hypnosis

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“…They note the hazard that comes from intervention into the emotional processes of man, which is essentially an intrusion into a sophisticated area and carries risk . Hypnosis or its use can precipitate complications (Kleinhauz & Dreyfuss, 1979). These may include the reevocation of old traumas and the exacerbation of old symptoms (Kleinhaus & Beran, 1984), in addition to the appearance of new neurotic symptoms such as anxiety, depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and obsessions (Kleinhaus & Dreyfuss 1979). Both Kleinhauz and Dreyfuss (1979) and Weitzenhoffer (1957, p. 4) point out that symptoms of a complication following the use of hypnosis may not arise until well after the formal experience. Kleinhauz and Beran ( 1981) believe the concept of posthypnotic trauma should be taken seriously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications Following Hypnosis in a Psychotic Patient With Sexual Dysfunction Treated by a Lay Hypnotist

Haberman

1987

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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“…More recently, a number of articles have described more detailed case studies of complications and serious harm resulting from participation in stage hypnosis (Kleinhauz, Dreyfuss, Beran, Goldberg, & Azikri, 1979;Kleinhauz& Beran, 1981, 1984Kline, 1976;MaclIovec, 1987;Milne, 1986). In an impact study of one stage hypnosis performance (Echterling & Emmerling, 1987), half of the individuals who had a trance experience reported that they generallyenjoyed it and had some positive aftereffects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Stage and Clinical Hypnosis

Echterling¹

1988

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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Some after-effects of stage hypnosis: A case study of psychopathological manifestations

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility

Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility

Complications Following Hypnosis in a Psychotic Patient With Sexual Dysfunction Treated by a Lay Hypnotist

Contrasting Stage and Clinical Hypnosis

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