“…Kin selection benefits related genes and improves inclusive fitness; this altruism is favored in two ways: kin recognition and viscous populations ( Hamilton, 1964 ). Most plants have limited dispersal, resulting in genetically structured populations within a small spatial scale ( Karban et al, 2015 ; Ehlers et al, 2016 ; Anten and Chen, 2021 ), leading to a high likelihood of interactions with related neighbors, and making kin recognition important ( Cheplick, 1992 ; Queller et al, 2015 ). Many previous studies provided evidence for kin recognition in plenty of plant species ( Dudley and File, 2007 ; Murphy and Dudley, 2009 ; Biedrzycki et al, 2010 ; Masclaux et al, 2010 ; Bhatt et al, 2011 ; Biernaskie, 2011 ; Simonsen et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Xu et al, 2021 ), and that showed kin recognition can act as a driver not only always reducing some competitive traits ( Dudley and File, 2007 ; Bhatt et al, 2011 ; Biernaskie, 2011 ; Crepy and Casal, 2015 ), but also sometimes increasing these competitive traits ( Milla et al, 2009 ; Murphy and Dudley, 2009 ; Masclaux et al, 2010 ; Mercer and Eppley, 2014 ).…”