Some Approaches to Group Problems in the British Army

Sutherland, J. D.; Fitzpatrick, G. A.

doi:10.2307/2785043

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Responses can also be weighted according to their relative importance to the patient [ 67 ], however a problem with this method arises when the direct approach is used, as patients assign a numerical value of importance of equal numbers to each dimension [ 72 ]. The indirect approach requires the researchers to assign weightings by studying patient responses, but this method is flawed since it is difficult to extract information about how patients weigh and combine individually different dimensions to give their response [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient reports of the outcomes of treatment: a structured review of approaches

Lloyd

Jenkinson

Hadi

et al. 2014

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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Patient reports or ratings are essential for measuring the quality of patient care. Measures designed for this purpose tend to focus on the processes and structures of care rather than the outcomes of it. The latter is arguably the most valid indicator of the quality of care patients receive. Typically this information is gathered by probing patient satisfaction with treatment as part of an investigation of satisfaction with hospital care. More recently patient ratings of the outcome of treatment have been obtained to measure treatment efficacy in clinical trials. However, a more direct approach is to ask patients to assess the benefit of treatment on their current health status. We performed a structured literature review on patient reported satisfaction with outcomes of treatment and direct patient assessments of the same. The purpose of this was to identify suitable candidate questions for a short instrument to tap patient evaluations of in-patient hospital interventions. Articles were included if they dealt with patient satisfaction or patient assessment of the outcomes of treatment. Articles were excluded if they dealt more generally with patient satisfaction with care. We identified 169 papers, 79 were included in the review. The findings of this review suggest that there are a number of benefits of directly asking patients to assess the outcome of hospital treatment. Importantly this approach reflects outcomes relevant to the patient and is also more likely to reflect patient report in routine clinical practice. There is also evidence that such approaches have face validity and construct validity. The problems associated with this approach (i.e. response bias), are those common to patient reported outcome surveys, but employing appropriate strategies can minimize them. Furthermore, employing a simple set of questions that asks patients to assess the outcomes of treatment they receive can be time and resource efficient in comparison to administering lengthy measures. This approach could be tested for potential generic use as an evaluative measure for patients in hospital settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient reports of the outcomes of treatment: a structured review of approaches

Lloyd

Jenkinson

Hadi

et al. 2014

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although most candidates thought that they were being evaluated on the basis of problem accomplishment or forcefulness, Bion was most interested in the quality of the individual's social relationships. As the candidate learned that he could only demonstrate his abilities through the medium of others, it was expected that the capacity for mature, independent social relationships would emerge (Sutherland & Fitzpatrick, 1945).…”

Section: Was Between the Second And The Third (University Of Leeds Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over time, the use of different assessors observing different aspects of candidate behavior (i.e., the psychiatrist in the interview, the MTO in the leaderless tests, and the psychologist in the standard testing situation) violated the sensibilities of the assessors who valued the rounded judgment based on observation of the total person (Sutherland & Fitzpatrick, 1945). The solution to this problem was to combine the three observers into an observer team.…”

Section: Was Between the Second And The Third (University Of Leeds Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Candidate as a Whole: A Historical and Critical Analysis of Individual Psychological Assessment for Personnel Decision Making

Highhouse¹

2002

Personnel Psychology

105

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Although individual assessment is a thriving area of professional practice in industry, it receives little, if any, attention from textbooks on industrial psychology or personnel management. This article is an attempt to establish individual assessment's place in the history of personnel selection, and to examine why the practice has survived despite receiving little attention in research and graduate training. It is argued that the clinical, holistic approach that has characterized individual‐assessment practice has survived primarily because the “elementalistic” testing approach, focusing on traits and abilities, has often been dismissed as inadequate for addressing the complexities of the executive profile. Moreover, public displeasure with standard paper‐and‐pencil testing in the 1960s and 1970s made the holistic approach to assessment an attractive, alternative. The article contrasts individual assessment practice with the current state of knowledge on psychological assessment and personnel decision making. Like psychotherapy in the 1950s, individual psychological assessment appears to have achieved the status of functional autonomy within psychology.

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“…Bion replaced this process with a series of leaderless group situations-inspired by the German selection procedures-to examine the interplay of individual personalities in a social situation. Bion believed that presenting candidates with a leaderless situation (e.g., a group carrying a heavy load over a series of obstacles) indicated their capacity for mature social relations (Sutherland & Fitzpatrick, 1945). More specifically, Bion believed that the pressure for the candidate to look good individually was put into competition with the pressure for the candidate to cooperate to get the job done.…”

Section: W R Bionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic assessment for selection and placement.

Highhouse¹,

Kostek²

2013

APA Handbook of Testing and Assessment in Psychology, Vol. 1: Test Theory and Testing and Assessment in Industrial and Organiza

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Max Simoneit was the chief of German military psychology during World War II. The Germans believed that victory depended on the superior leadership and intellect of the officer (Ansbacher, 1941). Simoneit, therefore, believed that psychological diagnosis (i.e., character analysis) of officer candidates and specialists should be the primary focus of Copyright American Psychological Association. Not for further distribution.

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Some Approaches to Group Problems in the British Army

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Patient reports of the outcomes of treatment: a structured review of approaches

Patient reports of the outcomes of treatment: a structured review of approaches

Assessing the Candidate as a Whole: A Historical and Critical Analysis of Individual Psychological Assessment for Personnel Decision Making

Holistic assessment for selection and placement.

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