Some aspects of amino acid metabolism in the rat fetus

Remesar, Xavier; López-Tejero, Dolores; Pastor-Anglada, M

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(87)90234-3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the rat there are two phases of protein metabolism during pregnancy. In the first, anabolic phase, there is an accretion of maternal body protein which can then be used to support fetal growth during the second, catabolic phase (Naismith & Morgan, 1976;Remesar et al 1987). It is not known whether this mechanism can compensate for a reduced dietary protein intake and maintain the supply of free amino acids to the fetus.…”

Section: Maternal Nutrition: Fetal Growth: Protein Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of maternal protein restriction on the growth of the rat fetus and its amino acid supply

Rees¹,

Hay²,

Buchan³

et al. 1999

Br J Nutr

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Maternal protein deficiency causes fetal growth retardation which has been associated with the programming of adult disease. The growth of the rat fetus was examined when the mothers were fed on diets containing 180, 90 and 60 g protein/kg. The numbers of fetuses were similar in animals fed on the 180 and 90 g protein/kg diets but the number was significantly reduced in the animals fed on the 60 g protein/kg diet. The fetuses carried by the mothers fed on the 90 g protein/ kg diet were 7⋅5 % heavier than those of mothers fed on 180 g protein/kg diet on day 19 of gestation, but by day 21 the situation was reversed and the fetuses in the protein-deficient mothers were 14 % smaller. Analysis of the free amino acids in the maternal serum showed that on day 19 the diets containing 90 and 60 g protein/kg led to threonine concentrations that were reduced to 46 and 20 % of those found in animals fed on the control (180 g/kg) diet. The other essential amino acids were unchanged, except for a small decrease in the branched-chain amino acids in animals fed on the 60 g protein/kg diet. Both low-protein diets significantly increased the concentrations of glutamic acid+glutamine and glycine in the maternal serum. On day 21 the maternal serum threonine levels were still reduced by about one third in the group fed on the 90 g protein/kg diet. Dietary protein content had no effect on serum threonine concentrations in nonpregnant animals. Analysis of the total free amino acids in the fetuses on day 19 showed that feeding the mother on a low-protein diet did not change amino acid concentrations apart from a decrease in threonine concentrations to 45 and 26 % of the control values at 90 and 60 g protein/ kg respectively. The results suggest that threonine is of particular importance to the proteindeficient mother and her fetuses. Possible mechanisms for the decrease in free threonine in both mother and fetuses and the consequences of the change in amino acid metabolism are discussed.

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Section: Maternal Nutrition: Fetal Growth: Protein Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of maternal protein restriction on the growth of the rat fetus and its amino acid supply

Rees¹,

Hay²,

Buchan³

et al. 1999

Br J Nutr

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“…This shows that protein supplementation during mid-gestation prepares the dam with greater body reserves to be used in the period of the greatest nutritional demand of the fetus at the end of gestation. Research with rodents has shown that dams during early pregnancy have an anabolic phase, accumulating muscle protein reserves which are catabolized in late pregnancy to support the exponential growth of the fetus [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Supplementation during Mid-Gestation Alters the Amino Acid Patterns, Hepatic Metabolism, and Maternal Skeletal Muscle Turnover of Pregnant Zebu Beef Cows

Nascimento

Galvão

Ramírez-Zamudio

et al. 2022

Animals

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From 100 to 200 days of gestation, 52 cows carrying male (n = 30) or female (n = 22) fetuses were assigned to CON (basal diet—5.5% of CP, n = 26) or SUP (basal diet + protein supplement [40% CP, 3.5 g/kg BW]—12% of CP, n = 26) treatments. Glucose concentrations decreased at 200 (p ≤ 0.01; CON = 46.9 and SUP = 54.7 mg/dL) and 270 days (p ≤ 0.05; CON = 48.4 and SUP = 53.3 mg/dL) for CON compared to SUP. The same pattern occurred for insulin (p ≤ 0.01). At parturition, the NEFA concentration was greater (p = 0.01, 0.10 vs. 0.08 mmol/L) for CON than for SUP. Total AA increased in SUP (p ≤ 0.03) at mid- and late-gestation compared to CON. At 200 days, CON dams carrying females had less essential AA (p = 0.01) than cows carrying males. The SUP dams had greater expressions of protein synthesis markers, namely eIf4E and GSK3β (p ≤ 0.04), at day 200 and of MuFR1 (protein degradation marker, p ≤ 0.04) at parturition. Supplemented cows had higher hepatic pyruvate carboxylase expressions (p = 0.02). Therefore, PS alleviates the restriction overload on maternal metabolism.

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“…So, the temporal changes in concentrations of amino acids in plasma during the immediate neonatal period have been measured a few species, such as human beings [10,20,22], pigs [4,7], rats [11,30,31], and horses [40,41]. However, previous reports measured only the first month after birth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Changes in Concentrations of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Plasma on Healthy Mares and Foals from Birth to 24 Weeks of Age

Naito

Sasaki

Matsui

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The concentrations of branched-chain amino acids ( BCAA; valine, leucine, isoleucine) were determined in plasma of 7 healthy thoroughbred mares and their foals from birth (0 week) to 24 weeks of age, using automated high-performance liquid chromatography. In foals, the concentrations of plasma valine were significantly high (p<0.05) at 16, 20 and 24 weeks. The concentrations of plasma leucine were significantly high (p<0.05) at 1 and 3 weeks. The concentrations of plasma isoleucine were significantly high (p<0.05) from 1 to 24 weeks. In mares, the concentrations of plasma valine were significantly high (p<0.05) at 16 and 24 weeks. The concentrations of plasma leucine and isoleucine were significantly high (p<0.05) at 16 weeks. It was clear that the concentrations of plasma BCAA in foals and mares were at different levels at various times after birth. Since mares and foals were kept in health during this study, we could get the base data of the concentrations of BCAA in plasma of healthy foals and mares from birth to 24 weeks.KEY WORDS: branched-chain amino acid, foal, mare, plasma.

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Some aspects of amino acid metabolism in the rat fetus

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

The effects of maternal protein restriction on the growth of the rat fetus and its amino acid supply

The effects of maternal protein restriction on the growth of the rat fetus and its amino acid supply

Protein Supplementation during Mid-Gestation Alters the Amino Acid Patterns, Hepatic Metabolism, and Maternal Skeletal Muscle Turnover of Pregnant Zebu Beef Cows

Temporal Changes in Concentrations of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Plasma on Healthy Mares and Foals from Birth to 24 Weeks of Age

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