Some Aspects of Development in Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha)

5. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera)

“…The female secretes a sticky substance and uses "the scalids to consolidate and smooth the mass" of glue and particles (Kozloff 1972(Kozloff , 2007). The female secretes a sticky substance and uses "the scalids to consolidate and smooth the mass" of glue and particles (Kozloff 1972(Kozloff , 2007).…”

“…Cleavage has been studied in a single species, namely Echinoderes kozloffi; embryonic development appears to take about 10 days until hatching (Kozloff 1972(Kozloff , 2007. Polar bodies have not been traced.…”

Cycloneuralia

“…Postembryonic development was fi rst described in detail by Kozloff ( 1972 ) and revised previous studies by Nyholm ( 1947 ), who claimed that a three-segmented larva hatches from the egg. In fact, the juvenile kinorhynch hatches with 9 segments (or zonites) and gradually increases the number during 5-6 juvenile molts to 13 (Neuhaus 1993(Neuhaus , 1995Sørensen et al 2010 ).…”

A New Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from a Coarse-Sand California Beach

“…Echinoderes kozloffi Higgins, 1977 has been reported only from intertidal, diatom-covered rock and gravel sediment of San Juan Island, Washington (Higgins, 1977;Kozloff, 1972), but may occur subtidally as well. Although E. riedli Higgins, 1966 was reported first from intertidal muddy sand along the shores of the Red Sea at Al Ghardaqa, Egypt, I have collections of this same species from subtidal mud near Rovijn, Yugoslavia.…”