Some aspects of South Asia's groundwater irrigation economy: analyses from a survey in India, Pakistan, Nepal Terai and Bangladesh

Shah, Tushaar; Singh, O. P.; Mukherji, Aditi

doi:10.1007/s10040-005-0004-1

Cited by 156 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rural electrification and transport facilities are an important basic infrastructure essential for agricultural modernization as it leads to the adoption of several advanced technologies. Consistent with this studies have observed that rural electrification increases sue of pump sets to harness underground water for crop cultivation because of its better reliability and controllability (Shah et al, 2006). Besides, there are other supplementary infrastructure variables like cooperation and financial institutions that improve agricultural productivity and marketing efficiency (Binswanger et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

An appraisal of infrastructural development in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir State

Kachroo

Amin

Bhat

et al. 2017

IJARe

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The present investigation was carried out to search importance of infrastructural items for agricultural growth in the region on the basis of secondary data on development of infrastructural facilities for the period from 1984-85 to 2013-14. The analysis of study found that there was significant increase in area irrigated by wells and tanks from 0.31 per cent and 0.33 per cent during period I to 1.41 per cent and 0.59 per cent in overall period, respectively whereas area irrigated by canals was found to be highest (86.55 per cent). As far as physical infrastructural items are concerned, development was improved considerably and substantially in the region. Surface road length and storage capacity for agricultural produce has increased by 31.02 per cent and 59.10 per cent, respectively, during the period under study. All infrastructural items have shown increasing trend in terms of percentage changes over the base period except number of godowns which decreased by 1.28 per cent over base period during the entire period. Growth rate were positive for distribution of agricultural implements, road length both surfaced and unsurfaced, number of godowns, storage capacity and tube wells/ pump sets and negative for credit disbursements and electrification of villages during overall period under study.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

An appraisal of infrastructural development in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir State

Kachroo

Amin

Bhat

et al. 2017

IJARe

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“…hydrology and available water resources (Winiger et al, 2005;Archer, 2003;Immerzeel et al, 2010;Kaser et al, 2010), the impact of climate A. N. Laghari et al: The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management change on glaciers and the hydrological regime (Akhtar et al, 2008;Immerzeel et al, 2010;Tahir et al, 2011), agricultural water demands and productivity Sharma, 2009, 2010), groundwater management (Kerr, 2009;Qureshi et al, 2009;Scott and Sharma, 2009;Shah et al, 2006), reservoir sedimentation (Khan and Tingsanchali, 2009), ecological flows and the Indus delta (Leichenko and Wescoat, 1993), water policy (Biswas, 1992;Miner et al, 2009;Shah et al, 2006Shah et al, , 2009Sharma et al, 2010) and water resources management (Archer et al, 2010;Qureshi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management

Laghari

Vanham

Rauch

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

193

112

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Abstract. The Indus basin is one of the regions in the world that is faced with major challenges for its water sector, due to population growth, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, environmental degradation, unregulated utilization of the resources, inefficient water use and poverty, all aggravated by climate change. The Indus Basin is shared by 4 countriesPakistan, India, Afghanistan and China. With a current population of 237 million people which is projected to increase to 319 million in 2025 and 383 million in 2050, already today water resources are abstracted almost entirely (more than 95 % for irrigation). Climate change will result in increased water availability in the short term. However in the long term water availability will decrease. Some current aspects in the basin need to be re-evaluated. During the past decades water abstractions -and especially groundwater extractionshave augmented continuously to support a rice-wheat system where rice is grown during the kharif (wet, summer) season (as well as sugar cane, cotton, maize and other crops) and wheat during the rabi (dry, winter) season. However, the sustainability of this system in its current form is questionable. Additional water for domestic and industrial purposes is required for the future and should be made available by a reduction in irrigation requirements. This paper gives a comprehensive listing and description of available options for current and future sustainable water resources management (WRM) within the basin. Sustainable WRM practices include both water supply management and water demand management options. Water supply management options include: (1) reservoir management as the basin is characterised by a strong seasonal behaviour in water availability (monsoon and meltwater) and water demands; (2) water quality conservation and investment in wastewater infrastructure; (3) the use of alternative water resources like the recycling of wastewater and desalination; (4) land use planning and soil conservation as well as flood management, with a focus on the reduction of erosion and resulting sedimentation as well as the restoration of ecosystem services like wetlands and natural floodplains. Water demand management options include: (1) the management of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater; as well as (2) the rehabilitation and modernization of existing infrastructure. Other demand management options are: (3) the increase of water productivity for agriculture; (4) crop planning and diversification including the critical assessment of agricultural export, especially (basmati) rice; (5) economic instruments and (6) changing food demand patterns and limiting post-harvest losses.

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“…The latter has emerged as the dominant mechanism in India over the last 20 years. Today, it accounts for nearly 75% of water use in the main agricultural areas of the country [Shah et al, 2006]. Figure 1 shows the cropping patterns of major food grains and oilseeds in India [Dacnet, 2011] at the district level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing chronic and climate‐induced water risk through spatially distributed cumulative deficit measures: A new picture of water sustainability in India

Devineni

Perveen

Lall

2013

Water Resources Research

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[1] India is a poster child for groundwater depletion and chronic water stress. Often, water sustainability is measured through an estimate of the difference between the average supply and demand in a region. However, water supply and demand are highly variable in time and space. Hence, measures of scarcity need to reflect temporal imbalances even for a fixed location. We introduce spatially distributed indices of water stress that integrate over time variations in water supply and demand. The indices reflect the maximum cumulative deficit in a regional water balance within year and across years. This can be interpreted as the amount that needs to be drawn from external storage (either aquifers or surface reservoirs or interarea transfers) to meet the current demand pattern given a variable climate and renewable water supply. A simulation over a long period of record (historical or projected) provides the ability to quantify risk. We present an application at a district level in India considering more than a 100 year data set of rainfall as the renewable supply, and the recent water use pattern for each district. Consumption data are available through surveys at the district level, and consequently, we use this rather than river basins as the unit of analysis. The rainfall endogenous to each district is used as a potentially renewable water supply to reflect the supply-demand imbalances directly at the district level, independent of potential transfers due to upstream-induced runoff or canals. The index is useful for indicating whether small or large surface storage will suffice, or whether the extent of groundwater storage or external transfers, or changes in demand are needed to achieve a sustainable solution. Implications of the analysis for India and for other applications are discussed.Citation: Devineni, N., S. Perveen, and U. Lall (2013), Assessing chronic and climate-induced water risk through spatially distributed cumulative deficit measures: A new picture of water sustainability in India, Water Resour.

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Some aspects of South Asia's groundwater irrigation economy: analyses from a survey in India, Pakistan, Nepal Terai and Bangladesh

Cited by 156 publications

References 7 publications

An appraisal of infrastructural development in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir State

An appraisal of infrastructural development in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir State

The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management

Assessing chronic and climate‐induced water risk through spatially distributed cumulative deficit measures: A new picture of water sustainability in India

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