Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and its processing is a priority since the farming industry provides the population with the necessary food. The provision of the domestic market with processing products of the crop industry and its high competition is forcing domestic flour milling organisations to pay more and more attention to foreign markets, but this requires solving the problem of the relatively high cost of Russian flour, the main component of which is grain, the price of which is constantly growing. The increase in world trade in flour also contributes to expanding export deliveries. At the same time, the fact that each country seeks to establish its flour production becomes a deterrent. Russian flour is more expensive than Turkish, Kazakh, and Ukrainian, but in terms of quality, it has the advantage of not using toxic substances (which many foreign manufacturers “sin” with). The task of ensuring and maximising the efficiency of production and processing of grain requires a successful solution to take into account a large number of factors - labour, investment, economics, and others, which are comprehensively taken into account in the process of analysing the efficiency of production, processing, and export of grain about value added to material costs.