Some aspects of the hydrothermal reactions of tin during skarn formation

Eadington, Peter J.; Kinealy, K.

doi:10.1080/00167618308729270

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In SW Sardinia, a similar trend of late Fe enrichment in the prograde stage is reported for skarns in the San Leone mine area, Eastern Sulcis (Verkaeren and Bartholomè, 1979), also related to the GS1 suite granites (Naitza et al , 2017). In the San Pietro skarn, under oxidising conditions and temperatures > 460°C (arsenopyrite geothermometer), Sn contents in garnet also increased progressively due to Sn 4+ incorporation in octahedral sites in substitution of Fe 3+ (Eadington and Kinealy, 1983; Galuskina et al ., 2010). Sporadic W peaks recorded in garnet in the San Pietro skarn might result from W 6+ competing with REE in the garnet lattices (Zhu et al , 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of the scheelite-bearing ores of Monte Tamara, SW Sardinia: insights for the evolution of a Late Variscan W–Sn skarn system

Deidda

Naitza

Moroni

et al. 2022

MinMag

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of the scheelite-bearing ores of Monte Tamara, SW Sardinia: insights for the evolution of a Late Variscan W–Sn skarn system

Deidda

Naitza

Moroni

et al. 2022

MinMag

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“…Mt. Lindsay, Eadington and Kinealy 1983) and is also absent at Messelingscharte. Hence, in addition to clinozoisite/epidote, Ca garnet, amphibole and especially titanite and malayaite are the Sn carriers in these skarns.…”

Section: Stanniferous Clinozoisitementioning

confidence: 96%

Polyphase scheelite and stanniferous silicates in a W-(Sn) skarn close to Felbertal tungsten mine, Eastern Alps

Ordosch

Raith

Schmidt³

et al. 2019

Miner Petrol

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The scheelite exploration target Messelingscharte (Eastern Tyrol, Austria) is located in vicinity of the world-class Felbertal tungsten deposit. W-(Sn) mineralisation occurs in Early Palaeozoic amphibolites (Basal Amphibolite unit) in the Tauern Window of the Eastern Alps. The most important mineralisation type is a Sn-bearing clinozoisite-scheelite skarn of pre-Alpine (Variscan?) age. It occurs as metre-sized irregular pods within amphibolites and amphibole schists. It is composed of major clinozoisite, quartz, plagioclase and scheelite with minor and accessory titanite, calcite and chlorite. Bulk chemical analyses reveal high concentrations of the granitophile elements W (≤7.74 wt% WO 3 ), Sn (≤1254 ppm SnO 2 ), Be (≤41 ppm) and base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn; ∑ ≤ 2500 ppm) in the skarn rock. Three scheelite types are distinguished based on micro-textures, zoning, Mo-content and UV-fluorescence. They show intriguing similarities to scheelite from the Felbertal tungsten deposit where pre-Alpine Mo-bearing scheelite was apparently overprinted by two stages of metamorphism. The unique feature of the investigated W-(Sn) skarn is the association of scheelite with Sn-bearing silicates. Stanniferous clinozoisite and stanniferous titanite were identified as the main Sn carriers (clinozoisite ≤3.00 wt% SnO 2 ; titanite ≤6.48 wt% SnO 2 ); both minerals evidence metamorphic re-crystallisation. Substitution of (Al, Fe) 3+ by (Sn, Ti) 4+ in clinozoisite is coupled with incorporation of Fe 2+ . The skarn formed by interaction of fluids of likely magmatic-hydrothermal origin with metabasites. The clinozoisite-dominated calcsilicate rocks are interpreted as a metamorphosed distal W-(Sn) skarn.

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“…In contrast, under relatively oxidizing conditions, the Fe 2+ in hydrothermal fluids oxidizes to Fe 3+ , substituting for Al 3+ in garnet to form andradite, so the formation of andradite requires higher oxygen fugacity than grossular formation [30,[51][52][53]. Additionally, under high oxygen fugacity, garnet can incorporate significant amounts of Sn, whereas Sn incorporation into garnet is difficult under low oxygen fugacity conditions [54].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Ore Forming Based On Garnet Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the oxygen fugacity falls within the MH (magnetite-hematite)-NNO (nickel-nickel oxide) range, Sn enters garnet as Sn 4+ substituting for Fe 3+ . However, when the oxygen fugacity is below the FMQ (fayalite-magnetite-quartz) range, it is difficult for Sn to enter garnet as Sn 2+ ; therefore, Sn is enriched in the hydrothermal fluids [54].…”

Section: The Occurrence State Of Ore-forming Elements and Metallogeni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Garnet from Zinc–Copper Ore Bodies in the Changpo–Tongkeng Deposit and Its Geological Significance

Liang

Denghong

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The Changpo–Tongkeng tin polymetallic deposit in Dachang, Guangxi, is a world-class, superlarge, polymetallic tin deposit consisting of lower skarn zinc–copper ore bodies and upper tin polymetallic ore bodies. Garnet is the main gangue mineral in the skarn zinc–copper ore bodies and has a granular texture. Based on hand specimens and microscopic observations, the existing garnet can be divided into two generations: an early generation (Grt I) and a late generation (Grt II). The results of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in situ microanalysis show that the contents of SiO2 and CaO in the garnets from the two generations present limited variations, while the FeOT and Al2O3 contents vary significantly, indicating the grossular–andradite solid solution series (Gro29–82And12–69). Compared with Grt I (Gro72And25), Grt II (Gro39And59) is Fe-enriched and oscillatory zoning is developed. The total rare earth element (REE) contents in the two generations of garnet are relatively low, showing light rare earth element (LREE) depletion and heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment patterns. Grt II has higher REE content than Grt I and exhibits significant negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.18–0.44). The contents and variation characteristics of the major and trace elements in the two generations of garnet suggest that there were variable redox conditions and water/rock ratios in the hydrothermal system during the crystallization process of garnet. In the early stage, skarnization was in a relatively closed and low-oxygen fugacity system, with hydrothermal diffusion metasomatism being dominant, forming homogeneous Grt I lacking well-developed zoning. In the late stage of skarnization, the oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluids increased, with infiltration metasomatism being dominant, forming Grt II with well-developed oscillatory zoning. The contents of Sn, As, W, In, and Ge in the garnets are relatively high and increase with the proportion of andradite. Sn in zinc–copper ore bodies mainly exists in the form of isomorphic substitution in garnet, which may be the main reason for the lack of tin ore bodies during the skarn stage. This paper compares the trace element contents in garnets from domestic skarn deposits. The results indicate that the Sn content and δEu in garnet can be used to evaluate the tin-forming potential of skarn deposits.

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Some aspects of the hydrothermal reactions of tin during skarn formation

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Mineralogy of the scheelite-bearing ores of Monte Tamara, SW Sardinia: insights for the evolution of a Late Variscan W–Sn skarn system

Mineralogy of the scheelite-bearing ores of Monte Tamara, SW Sardinia: insights for the evolution of a Late Variscan W–Sn skarn system

Polyphase scheelite and stanniferous silicates in a W-(Sn) skarn close to Felbertal tungsten mine, Eastern Alps

Geochemical Characteristics of Garnet from Zinc–Copper Ore Bodies in the Changpo–Tongkeng Deposit and Its Geological Significance

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