Some aspects of the long-term effects of malnutrition on the behaviour of children in the Third World

Stanfield, J. P.

doi:10.1079/pns19930052

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Poor nutrition is one of the major determinants of child health and survival and is linked consistently to poor cognitive and developmental outcomes over the lifespan (Grantham-McGregor, Powell, Walker, & Himes, 1991; Mason et al, 2005; Stanfield, 1993). As demonstrated by programs such as EFNEP and PD/Hearth, and now by Philani, peer educators and role models can be used successfully to improve nutrition practices in low-resource communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 7% of South African children die before their fifth birthday (UNICEF, n.d.), and more than half of South African households experience hunger (Labadarios et al, 2005). In the longer term, poor nutrition results in shorter adult height, reduced economic productivity and lifelong impairments in neurocognitive and socioemotional development (Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007; Mason et al, 2005; Stanfield, 1993). Nutritional challenges at birth and during childhood result in successive generations of unhealthy adults who, in turn, place their children at risk (Horta, Gigante, Osmond, Barros, & Victora, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A randomized controlled trial of home visits by neighborhood mentor mothers to improve children's nutrition in South Africa

Roux

Mbeutu

et al. 2011

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

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Malnourished children and babies with birth weights under 2500 g are at high risk for negative outcomes over their lifespans. Philani, a paraprofessional home visiting program, was developed to improve nutritional outcomes for young children in South Africa. One “mentor mother” was recruited from each of 37 neighborhoods in Cape Town, South Africa. Mentor mothers were trained to conduct home visits to weigh children under six years old and to support mothers to problem-solve life challenges, especially around nutrition. Households with underweight children were assigned randomly on a 2:1 ratio to the Philani program (n = 500) or to a standard care condition (n = 179); selection effects occurred and children in the intervention households weighed less at recruitment. Children were evaluated over a one-year period (n = 679 at recruitment and n = 638 with at least one follow-up; 94%). Longitudinal random effects models indicated that, over 12 months, the children in the intervention condition gained significantly more weight than children in the control condition. Mentor mothers who are positive peer deviants may be a viable strategy that is efficacious and can build community, and the use of mentor mothers for other problems in South Africa is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial of home visits by neighborhood mentor mothers to improve children's nutrition in South Africa

Roux

Mbeutu

et al. 2011

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

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“…In addition, the percentage of children who had not been rehabilitated within a year was significantly lower in the intervention condition (57%, 303/536) compared to controls (69%, 174/252). This is an important finding, as poor nutrition is one of the major determinants of long-term health and is consistently linked to poor cognitive and developmental outcomes over the lifespan [4-7]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children who were malnourished at younger ages demonstrate lower IQ, poor school achievement, and exhibit behavior problems when they reach school age [4]. Long-term malnutrition results in shorter adult height, reduced economic productivity, lifelong impairments in neurocognitive and socioemotional development[5-7] and reduction in the long-term quality of adjusted life years [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home visits by neighborhood Mentor Mothers provide timely recovery from childhood malnutrition in South Africa: results from a randomized controlled trial

Roux¹,

Roux

Comulada

et al. 2010

Nutr J

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BackgroundChild and infant malnourishment is a significant and growing problem in the developing world. Malnourished children are at high risk for negative health outcomes over their lifespans. Philani, a paraprofessional home visiting program, was developed to improve childhood nourishment. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the Philani program can rehabilitate malnourished children in a timely manner.MethodsMentor Mothers were trained to conduct home visits. Mentor Mothers went from house to house in assigned neighborhoods, weighed children age 5 and younger, and recruited mother-child dyads where there was an underweight child. Participating dyads were assigned in a 2:1 random sequence to the Philani intervention condition (n = 536) or a control condition (n = 252). Mentor Mothers visited dyads in the intervention condition for one year, supporting mothers' problem-solving around nutrition. All children were weighed by Mentor Mothers at baseline and three, six, nine and twelve month follow-ups.ResultsBy three months, children in the intervention condition were five times more likely to rehabilitate (reach a healthy weight for their ages) than children in the control condition. Throughout the course of the study, 43% (n = 233 of 536) of children in the intervention condition were rehabilitated while 31% (n = 78 of 252) of children in the control condition were rehabilitated.ConclusionsParaprofessional Mentor Mothers are an effective strategy for delivering home visiting programs by providing the knowledge and support necessary to change the behavior of families at risk.

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“…Similar observations have been reported by other research workers in children of different countries (Bobbio et al, 2007;Chowdhury, Wrotniak, & Ghosh, 2010;Pollitt et al, 1994;). Nutritional status may alter the learning process by influencing brain development and physical growth, and accordingly modify the movement proficiency of the children by adjusting the strength, power, coordination and perception (Stanfield, 1993;Zernicke & Schneider, 1993). SES is related to living conditions that may contribute to motor development by modifying the opportunities for social contacts and learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the influence of occupation on development of motor activities in children

Ghosh

Chowdhury

Chandra

et al. 2013

International Journal of Adolescence and Youth

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The study was aimed to assess the role of nutritional status and socio-economic status, body composition and occupation on motor development. The height, weight and skinfold thickness of bicep, tricep, suprailiac, subscapula and thigh of 144 boys aged 10 -14 years were measured. Nutritional and socio-economic statuses were also measured. The Bruininks -Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency -Second EditionShort Form was used to assess children's motor ability. Mean values of fine motor development tests of schoolboys were significantly higher than those of hotel boys and bookbinders. Schoolboys and bookbinders showed significantly higher mean values of gross motor development than those of hotel boys. Occupation itself is strongly associated with fine motor development, while it is identified as a partial determinant for gross motor development. Nutritional status and socio-economic status of surveyed boys appear to be significant predictors for their fine and gross motor development.

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Some aspects of the long-term effects of malnutrition on the behaviour of children in the Third World

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

A randomized controlled trial of home visits by neighborhood mentor mothers to improve children's nutrition in South Africa

A randomized controlled trial of home visits by neighborhood mentor mothers to improve children's nutrition in South Africa

Home visits by neighborhood Mentor Mothers provide timely recovery from childhood malnutrition in South Africa: results from a randomized controlled trial

A study on the influence of occupation on development of motor activities in children

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