Some aspects of the mechanical response of BMI 5250‐4 neat resin at 191°C: Experiment and modeling

Ruggles‐Wrenn, M. B.; Balaconis, J. G.

doi:10.1002/app.27174

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The BMI-5250-4 resin is taken as the second material example. It is widely used as a matrix material in aerospace composites because of its superior mechanical properties at high temperatures [26]. The BMI-5250-4 neat resin at 191°C was loaded using stress control considering a stress rate magnitude of 1.0 MPa/s, and then a creep period of 1 h was introduced at predetermined stress of 30 MPa.…”

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences between the assumed and experimental conditions lead to the incorrect determination of parameters and rheological behavior characterization. The effect of initial loading conditions on creep or relaxation process had been experimentally studied on many materials [25–30]. The creep behavior of polymers (e.g., PMR-15 neat resin, BMI-5250-4 neat resin, and high-density polyethylene) [25, 26, 28] and steels [27] was found to be strongly influenced by the prior stress rate and loading history despite the small variation in creep strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of initial loading conditions on creep or relaxation process had been experimentally studied on many materials [25–30]. The creep behavior of polymers (e.g., PMR-15 neat resin, BMI-5250-4 neat resin, and high-density polyethylene) [25, 26, 28] and steels [27] was found to be strongly influenced by the prior stress rate and loading history despite the small variation in creep strain. The relaxation processes of polymers such as polyphenylene oxide, high-density polyethylene [29], and epoxy resin [30] are also experimentally validated to be initial-ramp influenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fractional derivative modeling of time-varying viscosity materials considering initial loading ramp in real experiments

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2021

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

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The fractional derivative models with time-varying viscosity have been used in characterizing creep or relaxation properties of different viscoelastic material, and many combination models were presented using the Boltzmann superposition principle. However, those models defined as initial ones in this manuscript usually ignored the initial loading ramp, and the ideal-loading condition is commonly assumed as a step function in modeling. The real-loading conditions of tested samples are usually a ramp load followed by constant stress or strain. The difference in loading conditions between the theoretical modeling and experimental procedure strongly influences the models’ rheological property characterization and parameter determination. It is especially the case for the fractional derivative model due to its memory or history-dependent characters, even though the ramp time is short compared with the total experimental time. An application example of the Maxwell model with time-varying viscosity Scott–Blair model (TVSM) shows that the initial loading ramp has a strong influence. To solve this problem, the authors propose modified models of TVSM based on real-loading conditions. The relative errors between initial and modified models are presented. In addition, a history-dependent optimization algorithm for parameter determination is proposed. Three sets of polymer experimental data are employed to suggest that the fitting results of models disregarding initial ramp loads are unreliable. The modified model should be used for characterizing rheological behavior, as this leads to obtaining the best fitting results even for a short experimental time.

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Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fractional derivative modeling of time-varying viscosity materials considering initial loading ramp in real experiments

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2021

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

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“…Additionally, it has been demonstrated that strain rate dependencies become more apparent as polymers approach their T g [7,8]. Elastomers can also exhibit a deformation rate dependence [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Loading Rate on the Relaxation and Recovery Ability of an Epoxy-Based Shape Memory Polymer

McClung

Tandon

Baur

2017

Fluids

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Abstract:The majority of aerospace structural composites use thermoset resins for their processing flexibility, temperature capability, and environmental durability. In this study, the recovery behavior of Veriflex-E, an epoxy-based, thermosetting, thermally-triggered shape memory polymer (SMP) resin, is investigated in glassy (25 • C) and rubbery (130 • C) states, as a function of shape memory cycles, and as a means to evaluate its potential as a resin for a shape memory composite. At 25 • C, Veriflex-E exhibits a promising high elastic modulus and a positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading. At 130 • C, the strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading decreases. Stress relaxation after storage in the deformed temporary state and subsequent shape recovery is of particular interest, a challenge to measure, and has not been widely reported for SMPs. The current experimental program measures the influence of strain rate changes in the 10 −4 -10 −2 s −1 range on the stress relaxation response of the material, as well as on the strain recovery behavior at both 25 • C and 130 • C. As expected, the post-relaxation strain is larger with faster loading. Unexpectedly, the total strain recovered after shape memory cycling is more similar to the low temperature deformation. Overall, the results suggest that, while being influenced by both the loading rate and the test temperature, Veriflex-E is a promising candidate for a shape memory composite which could enable adaptive structures.

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Effects of prior aging at 288°C in argon environment on time‐dependent deformation behavior of a thermoset polymer at elevated temperature, part 1: Experiments

McClung

Ruggles‐Wrenn

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR‐15 neat resin, a high‐temperature thermoset polymer, aged at 288°C in argon environment for up to 2000 h was investigated. The experimental program was designed to explore the inﬂuence of prior isothermal aging on monotonic loading and unloading at various strain rates. In addition, the relaxation response and the creep behavior of specimens subjected to prior aging of various durations were evaluated. All tests were performed at 288°C. The time‐dependent mechanical behavior of the PMR‐15 polymer is strongly influenced by prior isothermal aging. The elastic modulus increased and the departure from quasi‐linear behavior was delayed with prior aging time. Stress levels in the region of inelastic flow increased with prior aging time. Furthermore, prior aging significantly decreased the polymer's capacity for inelastic straining, including the material's capacity to accumulate creep strain. Conversely, the relaxation response was not affected by the prior aging. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.† J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

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Some aspects of the mechanical response of BMI 5250‐4 neat resin at 191°C: Experiment and modeling

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Fractional derivative modeling of time-varying viscosity materials considering initial loading ramp in real experiments

Fractional derivative modeling of time-varying viscosity materials considering initial loading ramp in real experiments

Effects of Loading Rate on the Relaxation and Recovery Ability of an Epoxy-Based Shape Memory Polymer

Effects of prior aging at 288°C in argon environment on time‐dependent deformation behavior of a thermoset polymer at elevated temperature, part 1: Experiments

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