Some aspects of the mechanisms by which industrial solvents produce neurotoxic effects

Savolainen, H.

doi:10.1016/0009-2797(77)90136-3

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Oxidation of n-alkanes :=; C 7 results in secondary mono-or dialcohols. The potential for epoxide formation exists in straight chain hydrocarbons [26]. Higher nalkanes are oxidized at the terminal carbon atoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is less evidence for the induction of oxidative stress by aliphatic organic solvents. However, it is wellrecognised that ethanol possesses this property [23][24][25], and the potential for epoxide formation exists in some straight chain hydrocarbons [26]. On the basis of available data, an international conference on organic solvent neurotoxicity recommended the investigation of the formation of free radicals as a possible mechanism for solvent neurotoxicity [27].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Three weeks' exposure of rats to dearomatized white spirit modifies indices of oxidative stress in brain, kidney, and liver

Lam¹,

Østergaard²,

Guo

et al. 1994

Biochemical Pharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three weeks' exposure of rats to dearomatized white spirit modifies indices of oxidative stress in brain, kidney, and liver

Lam¹,

Østergaard²,

Guo

et al. 1994

Biochemical Pharmacology

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“…Reactive oxygen *species have been implicated in the action of a wide range of structurally and pharmacologically diverse compounds with an equally broad range of effects (Mason, 1982;Trush et al, 1982;Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1985). Many solvents are metabolized into reactive intermediates, including epoxides and reactive oxygen species (Savolainen, 1977). Toluene is metabolized mainly through the oxidation of its methyl group by mixed function oxidases to benzyl alcohol, followed by oxidation to benzaldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenase (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toluene-induced oxidative stress in several brain regions and other organs

Mattia

Ali

Bondy

1993

Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology

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“…However, chronic neurotoxicity of, eg, n-hexane and its metabolites is a recognized hazard in trades extending from the shoe industry to coated fabrics plants (1,4). The chronically toxic effects may depend on the formation of more toxic metabolites in the nervous system (52). Nervous system cells contain a capacity for required metabolic activation (36, 43) although it is not certain whether the activity can be induced (22) as is the rule in th,e liver.…”

Section: Aspects Of Neurotoxic Mechanisms In the Adult Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and prospects in experimental neurotoxicology.

Savolainen¹

1983

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Trends and prospects in experimental neurotoxicology.by Savolainen H This article in PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648421Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) [214][215][216][217][218] Trends and prospects in experimental neurotoxicologyby Heikki Savolainen, MD SAVOLAINEN H. Trends and prospects in experimental neurotoxicology. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) [214][215][216][217][218]. A brief survey is given of the neurotoxic mechanisms of selected industrial compounds. They can be divided for practical purposes into hypoxic or histotoxic mechanisms, reactive metabolite-mediated mechanisms and effects related to the accumulated burden. It is clear that this classification is not necessarily valid for the developing nervous system. Therefore, it is suggested that complete test systems for neurotoxic effects should also include prenatal and neonatal exposure. This inclusion is even more important because a significant proportion of embryotoxic or teratogenic effects are related to deleterious changes in the nervous system. An understanding of these developmental effects should also help in the design of epidemiologic studies.Key words: fetal and developmental toxicity, industrial neurotoxins, neurotoxicity test systems.Poisoning episodes have brought about the importance of neurotoxicology as an independent discipline which would have lessened the deleterious effects of thalidomide in Central Europe (37), of methylmercury in Iraq (2), Canada (62) or Japan (12), of allylchloride in China (20), or of clioquinoline in Japan (59) and Europe (3).Experimental neurotoxicology has aided in the elucidation of the mechanism of pathogenesis in the occupational neuropathies in exposure to carbon disulfide or hexacarbon ketones or hexane [for a review see an earlier report (53) Behavior is an important product of the brain, and yet the nervous system also controls and maintains many other organ systems by endocrinologic means, by direct innervation and electric stimulation, or through the so-called trophic control by modulatory protein molecules delivered directly and specifically to the appropriate cells. The nervous system also actively participates in the control of development and maturation in the fetal and early postnatal period.I t is the aim of this treatise to present some of the key issues and try to outline future trends for test systems based on the newer advances in the neurosciences. These methods are hopefully more powerful in the detection of toxic effects. Aspects of neurotoxic mechanisms in the adult nervous systemThe nervous system is vulnerable to the deprivation of oxygen and to the histotoxic or hypoxemic effects of hydrogen sulfide (53), hydrogen cyanide (64), carbon monoxide (65), and formic acid (55,66,67).The acutely intoxicating effects of inhaled solvent vapors are known to those engaged in producing paints, glues and lacquers or applying solvent-based coatings or operating degreasing installations. It seems that the inhaled lipophilic molecules are rapidly carried to the nervous sy...

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Some aspects of the mechanisms by which industrial solvents produce neurotoxic effects

Cited by 62 publications

References 42 publications

Three weeks' exposure of rats to dearomatized white spirit modifies indices of oxidative stress in brain, kidney, and liver

Three weeks' exposure of rats to dearomatized white spirit modifies indices of oxidative stress in brain, kidney, and liver

Toluene-induced oxidative stress in several brain regions and other organs

Trends and prospects in experimental neurotoxicology.

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