“…For example, in Indian free-ranging dogs, males forced copulations on unwilling, often sexually inexperienced, oestrous females who responded with a combination of aggressive, submissive, and escape postures. However, attempts to force mating were less successful than mating attempts that elicited female cooperation (Ghosh et al 1984;Pal et al 1999). In summary, play with females may allow males to practice both cooperative and competitive mating strategies in a less serious context.…”