Some aspects of virtual black holes

Faizal, Mir

doi:10.1134/s1063776112020045

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The third quantization has also been used for analysing the virtual black holes [17]. Here the fluctuations of the spacetime at Planck scale cause the formation of virtual black holes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on operator ordering from third quantization

2016

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In this paper, we analyse the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the third quantized formalism. We will demonstrate that for certain operator ordering, the early stages of the universe are dominated by quantum fluctuations, and the universe becomes classical at later stages during the cosmic expansion. This is physically expected, if the universe is formed from quantum fluctuations in the third quantized formalism. So, we will argue that this physical requirement can be used to constrain the form of the operator ordering chosen. We will explicitly demonstrate this to be the case for two different cosmological models.

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“…The third quantization has also been used for analysing the virtual black holes [17]. Here the fluctuations of the spacetime at Planck scale cause the formation of virtual black holes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on operator ordering from third quantization

2016

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“…However, it will be difficult to do it in de Sitter spacetime as there are IR divergences for the ghosts in anti-de Sitter spacetime [47]- [49]. It will also be intresting to analyse the third quantization [50]- [52] of gravity using this BRST charge in analogy with string field theory [53]- [56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Formalism for the BRST Symmetry

Ahmad¹

2013

Commun. Theor. Phys.

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“…the spacetime is made from discrete bubbles of geometry. This result is obtained without assumptions outside GR and quantum theory.Virtual black holes were also studied in third quantised formalism of canonical quantum gravity [6], in dilatorn gravity theories ? ?, and in other alternative theories as in generalised uncertainty principle and their phenomenological implications in proton decay [2] and higher spin theories from Teukolsky equations [15].…”

Section: The Space-time At the Plank Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

ER = EPR and non-perturbative action integrals for quantum gravity

Alsaleh

Alasfar

2017

Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys.

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International audienceIn this paper, we construct and calculate non-perturbative path integrals in a multiply-connected spacetime. This is done by summing over homotopy classes of paths. The topology of the spacetime is defined by Einstein–Rosen bridges (ERB) forming from the entanglement of quantum foam described by virtual black holes. As these “bubbles” are entangled, they are connected by Planckian ERBs because of the ER = EPR conjecture. Hence, the spacetime will possess a large first Betti number B1. For any compact 2-surface in the spacetime, the topology (in particular the homotopy) of that surface is non-trivial due to the large number of Planckian ERBs that define homotopy through this surface. The quantization of spacetime with this topology — along with the proper choice of the 2-surfaces — is conjectured to allow non-perturbative path integrals of quantum gravity theory over the spacetime manifold

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Some aspects of virtual black holes

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Constraints on operator ordering from third quantization

Constraints on operator ordering from third quantization

General Formalism for the BRST Symmetry

ER = EPR and non-perturbative action integrals for quantum gravity

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