Several studies have compiled and analyzed measured contemporary catchment sediment yield (SY, [t km -2 y -1 ]) values for various regions of the world. Although this has significantly contributed to our understanding of SY, Africa remains severely underrepresented in these studies. The objective of this article is therefore: i) to review and compile available SY data for Africa; ii) to explore the spatial variability of these SY data; and iii) to examine which environmental factors explain this spatial variability.A literature review resulted in a dataset of SY measurements for 682 African catchments from 84 publications and reports, representing more than 8,340 catchment-years of observations.