Some Bianchi Type Viscous Holographic Dark Energy Cosmological Models in the Brans–Dicke Theory

Abstract

In this article, we analyze Bianchi type–II, VIII, and IX spatially homogeneous and anisotropic space-times in the background of the Brans–Dicke theory of gravity within the framework of viscous holographic dark energy. To solve the field equations, we have used the relation between the metric potentials as R = S n and the relation between the scalar field ϕ and the scale factor a as ϕ = a m . Also, we have discussed some of the dynamical parameters of the obtained models, such as the deceleration parameter q , the jerk parameter j , the EoS parameter ω v h d e , the density parameter Ω vhde , Om-diagnostic, squared speed of sound v s 2 , EoS plane ω v h d e − ω v h d e ′ , and statefinder plane r − s through graphical representation, which are significant in the discussion of cosmology. Furthermore, all the models obtained and graphically presented shown an expanding and accelerating Universe, which is in better agreement with the latest experimental data. The viscous holographic dark energy models are compatible with explaining the present cosmic accelerated expansion.

Anisotropy Bianchi Type-III Cosmological Model in Brans-Dicke Theory of Gravitation

“…We have assumed in this theory that throughout cosmic evolution, both fluids exist with one fluid dominating the other. Some authors have discussed this aspect viz; Solanke et al (12) , Pawar et al (13) , Santhi et al (14) , Trivedi et al (15) , Kumar et al (16) , Siddiqui et al (17) , Goswami et al (18) , Borikar (19) , Raju et al (20) .…”

An Examination of the General Relativity of the Bianchi type V Holographic Dark Energy Model Using the Hybrid Expansion Law

“…The dynamical boundaries, including the condition of state (EoS) boundary, energy thickness, deceleration boundary, and jerk boundary, were developed by the scientists. Santhi et al (2022) directed an examination on spatially homogeneous and anisotropic space-seasons of Bianchi type-II, VIII, and IX. The examination was done inside the setting of the Grains Dicke hypothesis of gravity, consolidating the system of thick holographic dark energy.…”