Some Bioactive Steroidal Saponins of Palmyrah

Abstract

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Palmyrah cultivation and its importance 1 1.2 Justification of the study 2 1.3 Scope and objectives of the thesis 4 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Palmyrah palm 7 2.2 Uses of palmyrah palm 2.2.1 Palmyrah fruit based products 8 2.2.2 Palmyrah flour 2.2.3 Palmyrah sap based products 2.2.4 Non edible palmyrah products 11 2.2.5 Palmyrah plant in conservation of environment 11 2.3 Flabelliferins of palmyrah fruit pulp (PFP) 2.3.1 Steroid molecules from palmyrah 2.3.2 Debittering of palmyrah fruit pulp 12 2.3.3 Flabelliferins and the UV active binder 13 2.4 Bioactivity of flabelliferins of Palmyrah Fruit Pulp (PFP) 13 2.4.1 Hypoglycemic effect 16 2.4.2 Hypocholesterolaemic effect 16 2.4.3 Antimicrobial activity 17 23 Bioactive molecules from palmyrah flower 2.6 Toxicity on palmyrah flour (PF) 2.6.1 Hepatotoxicity 2.6.2 Immunosuppression 2.6.3 Neurotoxic effects 2.6.3.1 Toxic symptoms 2.6.3.2 Internal changes 26 2.6.3.3 Biochemical changes 28 2.6.3.4 Neurotoxic compounds in PF 28 2.7 Clastogenic, mutagenic and other bioactive effects 30 2.8 Separation of flabelliferins 31 2.8.1 Separation of flabelliferins from palmyrah fruit pulp (PFP) 31 2.8.2 Separation of the compounds from palmyrah flour 32 2.9 Effects of palmyrah flour components on mosquitoes 32 11 3 2.9.1 Distribution of mosquitoes 32 2.9.2 Effects of palmyrah flour on mosquito 32 2.9.3 Mosquito life cycle and identification keys 33 2.10 Antibiotics and wound healing 35 2.10.1 History of wound care 2.10.2 Wounds and medicine 35 2.10.2.1 Identification of ulcers and treatments 35 2.10.2.2 Natural products in drug discovery 2.10.2.3 Antibiotics containing carbohydrate moieties 2.10.2.4 Antibiotic resistance 2.10.2.5 New bacterial diseases 2.10.3 Wound healing MATERIALS & METHODS Materials 3.1.1 General chemicals and solvents 41 3.1.2 Water 41 3.1.3 Glassware 41 3.1.4 Laboratory instruments 41 3.1.5 Palmyrah fruits and fruit pulp 41 3

Quantitative Analysis of the Research Development Status and Trends of Tannery Wastewater Treatment Technology

“…In addition, membrane bioreactors, which are a combi-nation of membrane processes such as microfiltration or ultrafiltration and bioreactors, are also gradually applied in TWW treatment [50,51]. The sludge settling performance is not affected by filamentous swelling when eliminating sludge from the settling tank [45,52,53]. In recent years, some researchers have also introduced microbial fuel cells to treat TWW as a new method [54].…”