Some characteristics and effects of natural radiation

Laughlin, J. P. Mc

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv206

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Exposure to external ionizing radiation (IR) can include occupational hazards [1] or accidents from nuclear energy (e.g., deposition of 137 Cs after the Chernobyl accident) [2] to normal background radiation [3]. The lingering health risks associated with IR exposure among large populations can be observed in atomic bomb survivors many decades after the initial exposure, in both Hiroshima and Nagasaki [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Effects on Radiation Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Identification of Biofluid Small Molecule Signatures by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics

et al. 2019

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Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation damages tissues leading to physical symptoms which contribute to acute radiation syndrome. Radiation biodosimetry aims to determine characteristic early biomarkers indicative of radiation exposure and is necessary for effective triage after an unanticipated radiological incident. Radiation metabolomics can address this aim by assessing metabolic perturbations following exposure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a standardized platform ideal for compound identification. We performed GC time-of-flight MS for the global profiling of nonhuman primate urine and serum samples up to 60 d after a single 4 Gy γ-ray total body exposure. Multivariate statistical analysis showed higher group separation in urine vs. serum. We identified biofluid markers involved in amino acid, lipid, purine, and serotonin metabolism, some of which may indicate host microbiome dysbiosis. Sex differences were observed for amino acid fold changes in serum samples. Additionally, we explored mitochondrial dysfunction by tricarboxylic acid intermediate analysis in the first week with a GC tandem quadrupole MS platform. By adding this temporal component to our previous work exploring dose effects at 7 d, we observed the highest fold changes occurring at 3 d, returning closer to basal levels by 7 d. These results emphasize the utility of both MS-based metabolomics for biodosimetry and complementary analytical platforms for increased metabolome coverage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Effects on Radiation Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Identification of Biofluid Small Molecule Signatures by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics

et al. 2019

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“…Natural ionizing radiation is a constant, pervasive environmental factor that plays a role in the biology of all organisms on Earth. Commonly referred to as “background radiation”, it is a collective term to describe cosmic, terrestrial, and internal sources of different forms of energy and electrically charged particles [ 1 ]. Also, background radiation varies widely geographically mainly due to the radioisotopes content of soil, rocks, and altitude [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals a stress response of Shewanella oneidensis deprived of background levels of ionizing radiation

Castillo

Schilkey

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Natural ionizing background radiation has exerted a constant pressure on organisms since the first forms of life appeared on Earth, so that cells have developed molecular mechanisms to avoid or repair damages caused directly by radiation or indirectly by radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we investigated the transcriptional effect of depriving Shewanella oneidensis cultures of background levels of radiation by growing the cells in a mine 655 m underground, thus reducing the dose rate from 72.1 to 0.9 nGy h-1 from control to treatment, respectively. RNASeq transcriptome analysis showed the differential expression of 4.6 and 7.6% of the S. oneidensis genome during early- and late-exponential phases of growth, respectively. The greatest change observed in the treatment was the downregulation of ribosomal proteins (21% of all annotated ribosomal protein genes during early- and 14% during late-exponential) and tRNA genes (14% of all annotated tRNA genes in early-exponential), indicating a marked decrease in protein translation. Other significant changes were the upregulation of membrane transporters, implying an increase in the traffic of substrates across the cell membrane, as well as the up and downregulation of genes related to respiration, which could be interpreted as a response to insufficient oxidants in the cells. In other reports, there is evidence in multiple species that some ROS not just lead to oxidative stress, but act as signaling molecules to control cellular metabolism at the transcriptional level. Consistent with these reports, several genes involved in the metabolism of carbon and biosynthesis of amino acids were also regulated, lending support to the idea of a wide metabolic response. Our results indicate that S. oneidensis is sensitive to the withdrawal of background levels of ionizing radiation and suggest that a transcriptional response is required to maintain homeostasis and retain normal growth.

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“…Everyone is exposed to constant background radiation on Earth, both from natural and man-made sources. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation estimates that the effective dose of cosmic radiation received by an average individual is about 2.4 mSv.year À1 [19]. Cosmic radiation combined with medical, commercial and industrial sources in the USA can result in a radiation dose of 6.2 mSv.year À1 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation safety for anaesthesia providers in the orthopaedic operating room

2016

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SummaryIn many orthopaedic operating rooms, anaesthesia providers routinely wear lead aprons for protection from radiation, but some studies have questioned whether this is needed. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that measured the amount of radiation that anaesthetists were exposed to in the orthopaedic operating room. Multiple studies have shown that at 1.5 m from the source of radiation, anaesthetists received no radiation, or amounts so small that a person would have to be present in an unreasonable number of operations to receive cumulative doses of any significance. Radiation doses at this distance were often at the limits of the sensitivity of the measuring dosimeter. We question the need to wear lead protection for anaesthesia providers who are routinely at 1.5 m or a greater distance from standard fluoroscopy units.

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Some characteristics and effects of natural radiation

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Temporal Effects on Radiation Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Identification of Biofluid Small Molecule Signatures by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics

Temporal Effects on Radiation Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Identification of Biofluid Small Molecule Signatures by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics

Transcriptome analysis reveals a stress response of Shewanella oneidensis deprived of background levels of ionizing radiation

Radiation safety for anaesthesia providers in the orthopaedic operating room

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